A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging
This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each antenna is investigated. After designing the MIMO ante...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:49f30276d5694c5aa1cbe2b2e22d207a2021-11-11T15:36:28ZA Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging10.3390/electronics102125632079-9292https://doaj.org/article/49f30276d5694c5aa1cbe2b2e22d207a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/21/2563https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each antenna is investigated. After designing the MIMO antenna, it is loaded with stubs, parasitic spiral, and shorting pins to reduce the coupling effects and remove the unwanted resonances. Afterward, the two-port MIMO cells are spaced by 2 mm and rotated by 90° to create three more cells. The antennas are designed using two layers of denim and felt substrates with dielectric constants of 1.2 and 1.8, and thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively, along with the ShieldIt™ conductive textile. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 4.8–30 GHz when the specific absorption rate (SAR) meets the 1 g and 10 g standards. Isolation greater than 18 dB was obtained and mutual coupling was reduced after integrating shorting pins and spiral parasitic loadings. A maximum radiation efficiency and directive gain of 96% and 5.72 dBi were obtained, respectively, with the relatively small size of 11 × 11 × 1.4 mm<sup>3</sup> for the single element and final dimensions of 24 × 24 × 1.4 mm<sup>3</sup> for the full assembly. The antenna’s performance was examined for both on-body (breast) and free space conditions using near-field microwave imaging. The achieved results such as high fidelity, low SAR, and accuracy in localization of the tumour indicate that the MIMO antenna is a decent candidate for breast cancer imaging.Sarmad Nozad MahmoodAsnor Juraiza IshakAli JalalTale SaeidiSuhaidi ShafieAzura Che SohMuhammad Ali ImranQammer H. AbbasiMDPI AGarticleMIMO antennabreast cancerantipodal Vivaldi antennasmicrowave imagingElectronicsTK7800-8360ENElectronics, Vol 10, Iss 2563, p 2563 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
MIMO antenna breast cancer antipodal Vivaldi antennas microwave imaging Electronics TK7800-8360 |
| spellingShingle |
MIMO antenna breast cancer antipodal Vivaldi antennas microwave imaging Electronics TK7800-8360 Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Asnor Juraiza Ishak Ali Jalal Tale Saeidi Suhaidi Shafie Azura Che Soh Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| description |
This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each antenna is investigated. After designing the MIMO antenna, it is loaded with stubs, parasitic spiral, and shorting pins to reduce the coupling effects and remove the unwanted resonances. Afterward, the two-port MIMO cells are spaced by 2 mm and rotated by 90° to create three more cells. The antennas are designed using two layers of denim and felt substrates with dielectric constants of 1.2 and 1.8, and thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively, along with the ShieldIt™ conductive textile. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 4.8–30 GHz when the specific absorption rate (SAR) meets the 1 g and 10 g standards. Isolation greater than 18 dB was obtained and mutual coupling was reduced after integrating shorting pins and spiral parasitic loadings. A maximum radiation efficiency and directive gain of 96% and 5.72 dBi were obtained, respectively, with the relatively small size of 11 × 11 × 1.4 mm<sup>3</sup> for the single element and final dimensions of 24 × 24 × 1.4 mm<sup>3</sup> for the full assembly. The antenna’s performance was examined for both on-body (breast) and free space conditions using near-field microwave imaging. The achieved results such as high fidelity, low SAR, and accuracy in localization of the tumour indicate that the MIMO antenna is a decent candidate for breast cancer imaging. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Asnor Juraiza Ishak Ali Jalal Tale Saeidi Suhaidi Shafie Azura Che Soh Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi |
| author_facet |
Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Asnor Juraiza Ishak Ali Jalal Tale Saeidi Suhaidi Shafie Azura Che Soh Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi |
| author_sort |
Sarmad Nozad Mahmood |
| title |
A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| title_short |
A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| title_full |
A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| title_fullStr |
A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging |
| title_sort |
bra monitoring system using a miniaturized wearable ultra-wideband mimo antenna for breast cancer imaging |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/49f30276d5694c5aa1cbe2b2e22d207a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
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