Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.

Abstract Selection, genetic drift, and gene flow affect genetic variation within populations and genetic differences among populations. Both drift and selection tend to decrease variation within populations and increase differences among populations, whereas gene flow increases variation within popu...

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Autores principales:	Rafał Bernaś, Anna Wąs-Barcz, Mariann Árnyasi, Piotr Dębowski, Grzegorz Radtke, Anita Poćwierz-Kotus, Patrick Berrebi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4a111cb1d1cf4c7781d1ea9b62fd58a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4a111cb1d1cf4c7781d1ea9b62fd58a82021-12-05T12:15:11ZEvidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.10.1038/s41598-021-02975-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4a111cb1d1cf4c7781d1ea9b62fd58a82021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02975-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Selection, genetic drift, and gene flow affect genetic variation within populations and genetic differences among populations. Both drift and selection tend to decrease variation within populations and increase differences among populations, whereas gene flow increases variation within populations but leads to populations being related. In brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), the most important factor in population fragmentation is disrupted river-segment connectivity. The main goal of the study was to use genetic analysis to estimate the level of gene flow among resident and migratory brown trout in potential hybridization areas located downstream of impassable barriers in one river basin in the southern Baltic Sea region. First, spawning redds were counted in the upper river basin downstream of impassable barriers. Next, samples were collected from juveniles in spawning areas located downstream of barriers and from adults downstream and upstream of barriers. Subsequently, genetic analysis was performed using a panel of 13 microsatellite loci and the Salmo trutta 5 K SNP microarray. The genetic differentiation estimated between the resident form sampled upstream of the barriers and the anadromous specimens downstream of the barriers was high and significant. Analysis revealed that gene flow occurred between the two forms in the hybridization zone investigated and that isolated resident specimens shared spawning grounds with sea trout downstream of the barriers. The brown trout population from the river system investigated was slightly, internally diversified in the area accessible to migration. Simultaneously, the isolated part of the population was very different from that in the rest of the basin. The spawning areas of the anadromous form located downstream of the barriers were in a hybridization zone and gene flow was confirmed to be unidirectional. Although they constituted a small percentage, the genotypes typical upstream of the barriers were admixed downstream of them. The lack of genotypes noted upstream of the barriers among adult anadromous individuals might indicate that migrants of upstream origin and hybrids preferred residency.Rafał BernaśAnna Wąs-BarczMariann ÁrnyasiPiotr DębowskiGrzegorz RadtkeAnita Poćwierz-KotusPatrick BerrebiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rafał Bernaś Anna Wąs-Barcz Mariann Árnyasi Piotr Dębowski Grzegorz Radtke Anita Poćwierz-Kotus Patrick Berrebi Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
description	Abstract Selection, genetic drift, and gene flow affect genetic variation within populations and genetic differences among populations. Both drift and selection tend to decrease variation within populations and increase differences among populations, whereas gene flow increases variation within populations but leads to populations being related. In brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), the most important factor in population fragmentation is disrupted river-segment connectivity. The main goal of the study was to use genetic analysis to estimate the level of gene flow among resident and migratory brown trout in potential hybridization areas located downstream of impassable barriers in one river basin in the southern Baltic Sea region. First, spawning redds were counted in the upper river basin downstream of impassable barriers. Next, samples were collected from juveniles in spawning areas located downstream of barriers and from adults downstream and upstream of barriers. Subsequently, genetic analysis was performed using a panel of 13 microsatellite loci and the Salmo trutta 5 K SNP microarray. The genetic differentiation estimated between the resident form sampled upstream of the barriers and the anadromous specimens downstream of the barriers was high and significant. Analysis revealed that gene flow occurred between the two forms in the hybridization zone investigated and that isolated resident specimens shared spawning grounds with sea trout downstream of the barriers. The brown trout population from the river system investigated was slightly, internally diversified in the area accessible to migration. Simultaneously, the isolated part of the population was very different from that in the rest of the basin. The spawning areas of the anadromous form located downstream of the barriers were in a hybridization zone and gene flow was confirmed to be unidirectional. Although they constituted a small percentage, the genotypes typical upstream of the barriers were admixed downstream of them. The lack of genotypes noted upstream of the barriers among adult anadromous individuals might indicate that migrants of upstream origin and hybrids preferred residency.
format	article
author	Rafał Bernaś Anna Wąs-Barcz Mariann Árnyasi Piotr Dębowski Grzegorz Radtke Anita Poćwierz-Kotus Patrick Berrebi
author_facet	Rafał Bernaś Anna Wąs-Barcz Mariann Árnyasi Piotr Dębowski Grzegorz Radtke Anita Poćwierz-Kotus Patrick Berrebi
author_sort	Rafał Bernaś
title	Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
title_short	Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
title_full	Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
title_fullStr	Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.
title_sort	evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of salmo trutta l.
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4a111cb1d1cf4c7781d1ea9b62fd58a8
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Evidence of unidirectional gene flow in a fragmented population of Salmo trutta L.

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