Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.

<h4>Background</h4>Low birth weight and prematurity are amongst the strongest predictors of neonatal death. However, the extent to which they act independently is poorly understood. Our objective was to estimate the neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth when stratified by...

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Autores principales:	Tanya Marchant, Barbara Willey, Joanne Katz, Siân Clarke, Simon Kariuki, Feiko ter Kuile, John Lusingu, Richard Ndyomugyenyi, Christentze Schmiegelow, Deborah Watson-Jones, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4a1736e255384be0aef3a14b5163f561
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4a1736e255384be0aef3a14b5163f5612021-11-18T05:42:08ZNeonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001292https://doaj.org/article/4a1736e255384be0aef3a14b5163f5612012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22904691/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Low birth weight and prematurity are amongst the strongest predictors of neonatal death. However, the extent to which they act independently is poorly understood. Our objective was to estimate the neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth when stratified by weight for gestational age in the high mortality setting of East Africa.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Members and collaborators of the Malaria and the MARCH Centers, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, were contacted and protocols reviewed for East African studies that measured (1) birth weight, (2) gestational age at birth using antenatal ultrasound or neonatal assessment, and (3) neonatal mortality. Ten datasets were identified and four met the inclusion criteria. The four datasets (from Uganda, Kenya, and two from Tanzania) contained 5,727 births recorded between 1999-2010. 4,843 births had complete outcome data and were included in an individual participant level meta-analysis. 99% of 445 low birth weight (< 2,500 g) babies were either preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) or small for gestational age (below tenth percentile of weight for gestational age). 52% of 87 neonatal deaths occurred in preterm or small for gestational age babies. Babies born < 34 weeks gestation had the highest odds of death compared to term babies (odds ratio [OR] 58.7 [95% CI 28.4-121.4]), with little difference when stratified by weight for gestational age. Babies born 34-36 weeks gestation with appropriate weight for gestational age had just three times the likelihood of neonatal death compared to babies born term, (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.0-10.7]), but the likelihood for babies born 34-36 weeks who were also small for gestational age was 20 times higher (OR 19.8 [95% CI 8.3-47.4]). Only 1% of babies were born moderately premature and small for gestational age, but this group suffered 8% of deaths. Individual level data on newborns are scarce in East Africa; potential biases arising due to the non-systematic selection of the individual studies, or due to the methods applied for estimating gestational age, are discussed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Moderately preterm babies who are also small for gestational age experience a considerably increased likelihood of neonatal death in East Africa.Tanya MarchantBarbara WilleyJoanne KatzSiân ClarkeSimon KariukiFeiko ter KuileJohn LusinguRichard NdyomugyenyiChristentze SchmiegelowDeborah Watson-JonesJoanna Armstrong SchellenbergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e1001292 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R
spellingShingle	Medicine R Tanya Marchant Barbara Willey Joanne Katz Siân Clarke Simon Kariuki Feiko ter Kuile John Lusingu Richard Ndyomugyenyi Christentze Schmiegelow Deborah Watson-Jones Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Low birth weight and prematurity are amongst the strongest predictors of neonatal death. However, the extent to which they act independently is poorly understood. Our objective was to estimate the neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth when stratified by weight for gestational age in the high mortality setting of East Africa.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Members and collaborators of the Malaria and the MARCH Centers, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, were contacted and protocols reviewed for East African studies that measured (1) birth weight, (2) gestational age at birth using antenatal ultrasound or neonatal assessment, and (3) neonatal mortality. Ten datasets were identified and four met the inclusion criteria. The four datasets (from Uganda, Kenya, and two from Tanzania) contained 5,727 births recorded between 1999-2010. 4,843 births had complete outcome data and were included in an individual participant level meta-analysis. 99% of 445 low birth weight (< 2,500 g) babies were either preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) or small for gestational age (below tenth percentile of weight for gestational age). 52% of 87 neonatal deaths occurred in preterm or small for gestational age babies. Babies born < 34 weeks gestation had the highest odds of death compared to term babies (odds ratio [OR] 58.7 [95% CI 28.4-121.4]), with little difference when stratified by weight for gestational age. Babies born 34-36 weeks gestation with appropriate weight for gestational age had just three times the likelihood of neonatal death compared to babies born term, (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.0-10.7]), but the likelihood for babies born 34-36 weeks who were also small for gestational age was 20 times higher (OR 19.8 [95% CI 8.3-47.4]). Only 1% of babies were born moderately premature and small for gestational age, but this group suffered 8% of deaths. Individual level data on newborns are scarce in East Africa; potential biases arising due to the non-systematic selection of the individual studies, or due to the methods applied for estimating gestational age, are discussed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Moderately preterm babies who are also small for gestational age experience a considerably increased likelihood of neonatal death in East Africa.
format	article
author	Tanya Marchant Barbara Willey Joanne Katz Siân Clarke Simon Kariuki Feiko ter Kuile John Lusingu Richard Ndyomugyenyi Christentze Schmiegelow Deborah Watson-Jones Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg
author_facet	Tanya Marchant Barbara Willey Joanne Katz Siân Clarke Simon Kariuki Feiko ter Kuile John Lusingu Richard Ndyomugyenyi Christentze Schmiegelow Deborah Watson-Jones Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg
author_sort	Tanya Marchant
title	Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
title_short	Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
title_full	Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
title_fullStr	Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
title_sort	neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in east africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/4a1736e255384be0aef3a14b5163f561
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Neonatal mortality risk associated with preterm birth in East Africa, adjusted by weight for gestational age: individual participant level meta-analysis.

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