A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas
Many shorebirds (Order: Charadriiformes; Family: Charadriidae, Recurvirostridae, Scolopacidae, Haematopodidae, Jacanidae) are highly migratory, traversing thousands of kilometers between high latitude breeding and low latitude nonbreeding sites. In doing so, they are dependent on networks of coastal...
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Resilience Alliance
2020
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conservation habitat associations hypothesized threats monitoring network pacific americas flyway shorebirds Plant culture SB1-1110 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Plant ecology QK900-989 |
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conservation habitat associations hypothesized threats monitoring network pacific americas flyway shorebirds Plant culture SB1-1110 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Plant ecology QK900-989 Matthew E. Reiter Eduardo Palacios Diana Eusse-Gonzalez Richard Johnston González Pete Davidson David W. Bradley Rob Clay Khara M. Strum James Chu Blake A. Barbaree Catherine M. Hickey David B. Lank Mark Drever Ronald C. Ydenberg Robert Butler A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
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Many shorebirds (Order: Charadriiformes; Family: Charadriidae, Recurvirostridae, Scolopacidae, Haematopodidae, Jacanidae) are highly migratory, traversing thousands of kilometers between high latitude breeding and low latitude nonbreeding sites. In doing so, they are dependent on networks of coastal and interior wetland ecosystems. To aid in the effective conservation and management of their populations, and to assess the impact of threats facing shorebirds, standardized data on shorebird abundance are needed from multiple sites representing a gradient of conditions across the hemisphere. Such data would provide insight on whether fluctuations at one location represent real changes in abundance because of some localized threat, or whether other factors acting across broader scales such as the redistribution of predators, are responsible. We designed the Migratory Shorebird Project (MSP), now implemented in 11 countries along the Pacific Coast of the Americas, to characterize spatial and temporal variation in shorebird abundance, to understand which factors (habitat, threats) most influence their populations across the flyway, and to increase capacity for integrated research, monitoring, and conservation. We used bird inventory data from historical surveys and spatial data on habitat distribution along with a set of hypotheses about important threats to guide the design of the project and to identify data requirements to test hypotheses. We counted birds one time per year at 84 nonbreeding sites (~1400 sampling units) between 15 November and 15 February, when shorebirds were relatively stationary. In each of the first three annual counts from 2013/14 to 2015/16, the Migratory Shorebird Project counted ~1M shorebirds representing 44 species, including five species for which > 20% of the estimated biogeographic population was recorded annually, and nine additional species with > 5% recorded annually. The magnitude of variability in estimates of shorebird abundance was inversely correlated with survey effort with the most uncertainty, and lowest survey effort, in the South Temperate region followed by the Neotropical region (southern Mexico to northern Peru) and then the North Temperate region. Evaluation of variance highlighted both among-site and among-unit ("units" are nested within sites) variation in bird abundance and cover types as well as threats such as potential disturbance and predator abundance. Overall, shorebird density was significantly, and positively, associated with the area (ha) of intertidal mudflats, beaches, and aquaculture. Survey units with intermediate levels of bare ground and flooding had the highest shorebird density. As for threats, we found, contrary to our hypothesis, that shorebird abundance was significantly, and positively, associated, with the density of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus); however we found no relationship between shorebird abundance and the amount of urban development, our index to potential human disturbance, in the surrounding landscape. The Migratory Shorebird Project is providing an essential data foundation and network for increased knowledge of the factors affecting shorebirds across the Pacific Coast of the Americas and identifying what and where conservation actions could have the greatest impact. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Matthew E. Reiter Eduardo Palacios Diana Eusse-Gonzalez Richard Johnston González Pete Davidson David W. Bradley Rob Clay Khara M. Strum James Chu Blake A. Barbaree Catherine M. Hickey David B. Lank Mark Drever Ronald C. Ydenberg Robert Butler |
| author_facet |
Matthew E. Reiter Eduardo Palacios Diana Eusse-Gonzalez Richard Johnston González Pete Davidson David W. Bradley Rob Clay Khara M. Strum James Chu Blake A. Barbaree Catherine M. Hickey David B. Lank Mark Drever Ronald C. Ydenberg Robert Butler |
| author_sort |
Matthew E. Reiter |
| title |
A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
| title_short |
A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
| title_full |
A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
| title_fullStr |
A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas |
| title_sort |
monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the pacific coast of the americas |
| publisher |
Resilience Alliance |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/4a7995d1c130433abc47ba14787c887a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT matthewereiter amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT eduardopalacios amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT dianaeussegonzalez amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT richardjohnstongonzalez amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT petedavidson amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT davidwbradley amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT robclay amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT kharamstrum amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT jameschu amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT blakeabarbaree amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT catherinemhickey amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT davidblank amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT markdrever amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT ronaldcydenberg amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT robertbutler amonitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT matthewereiter monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT eduardopalacios monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT dianaeussegonzalez monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT richardjohnstongonzalez monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT petedavidson monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT davidwbradley monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT robclay monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT kharamstrum monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT jameschu monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT blakeabarbaree monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT catherinemhickey monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT davidblank monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT markdrever monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT ronaldcydenberg monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas AT robertbutler monitoringframeworkforassessingthreatstononbreedingshorebirdsonthepacificcoastoftheamericas |
| _version_ |
1718378625244332032 |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:4a7995d1c130433abc47ba14787c887a2021-12-02T18:06:21ZA monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas1712-6568https://doaj.org/article/4a7995d1c130433abc47ba14787c887a2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ace-eco.org/vol15/iss2/art7/https://doaj.org/toc/1712-6568Many shorebirds (Order: Charadriiformes; Family: Charadriidae, Recurvirostridae, Scolopacidae, Haematopodidae, Jacanidae) are highly migratory, traversing thousands of kilometers between high latitude breeding and low latitude nonbreeding sites. In doing so, they are dependent on networks of coastal and interior wetland ecosystems. To aid in the effective conservation and management of their populations, and to assess the impact of threats facing shorebirds, standardized data on shorebird abundance are needed from multiple sites representing a gradient of conditions across the hemisphere. Such data would provide insight on whether fluctuations at one location represent real changes in abundance because of some localized threat, or whether other factors acting across broader scales such as the redistribution of predators, are responsible. We designed the Migratory Shorebird Project (MSP), now implemented in 11 countries along the Pacific Coast of the Americas, to characterize spatial and temporal variation in shorebird abundance, to understand which factors (habitat, threats) most influence their populations across the flyway, and to increase capacity for integrated research, monitoring, and conservation. We used bird inventory data from historical surveys and spatial data on habitat distribution along with a set of hypotheses about important threats to guide the design of the project and to identify data requirements to test hypotheses. We counted birds one time per year at 84 nonbreeding sites (~1400 sampling units) between 15 November and 15 February, when shorebirds were relatively stationary. In each of the first three annual counts from 2013/14 to 2015/16, the Migratory Shorebird Project counted ~1M shorebirds representing 44 species, including five species for which > 20% of the estimated biogeographic population was recorded annually, and nine additional species with > 5% recorded annually. The magnitude of variability in estimates of shorebird abundance was inversely correlated with survey effort with the most uncertainty, and lowest survey effort, in the South Temperate region followed by the Neotropical region (southern Mexico to northern Peru) and then the North Temperate region. Evaluation of variance highlighted both among-site and among-unit ("units" are nested within sites) variation in bird abundance and cover types as well as threats such as potential disturbance and predator abundance. Overall, shorebird density was significantly, and positively, associated with the area (ha) of intertidal mudflats, beaches, and aquaculture. Survey units with intermediate levels of bare ground and flooding had the highest shorebird density. As for threats, we found, contrary to our hypothesis, that shorebird abundance was significantly, and positively, associated, with the density of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus); however we found no relationship between shorebird abundance and the amount of urban development, our index to potential human disturbance, in the surrounding landscape. The Migratory Shorebird Project is providing an essential data foundation and network for increased knowledge of the factors affecting shorebirds across the Pacific Coast of the Americas and identifying what and where conservation actions could have the greatest impact.Matthew E. ReiterEduardo PalaciosDiana Eusse-GonzalezRichard Johnston GonzálezPete DavidsonDavid W. BradleyRob ClayKhara M. StrumJames ChuBlake A. BarbareeCatherine M. HickeyDavid B. LankMark DreverRonald C. YdenbergRobert ButlerResilience Alliancearticleconservationhabitat associationshypothesized threatsmonitoring networkpacific americas flywayshorebirdsPlant cultureSB1-1110Environmental sciencesGE1-350Plant ecologyQK900-989ENAvian Conservation and Ecology, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 7 (2020) |