Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Rice production in Nigeria is vulnerable to climate risks and rice farmers over time have experienced the risks and their respective impacts on rice farming. Rice farmers have also responded to perceived climate risks with strategies believed to be climate-smart. Farmers’ perception of climate risks...

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Autores principales:	Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke, Mark Umunna Amadi, Chukwudi Loveday Njoku, Emeka Emmanuel Osuji
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	climate change perception rice farming climate-smart agriculture principal component analysis multivariate probit regression Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4a9826f0a6d84301ace7ee6e17613cb6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4a9826f0a6d84301ace7ee6e17613cb62021-11-25T16:45:38ZClimate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria10.3390/atmos121115032073-4433https://doaj.org/article/4a9826f0a6d84301ace7ee6e17613cb62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1503https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Rice production in Nigeria is vulnerable to climate risks and rice farmers over time have experienced the risks and their respective impacts on rice farming. Rice farmers have also responded to perceived climate risks with strategies believed to be climate-smart. Farmers’ perception of climate risks is an important first step of determining any action to be taken to counteract the negative effects of climate change on agriculture. Studies on the link between perceived climate risks and farmers’ response strategies are increasing. However, there are limited studies on the determinants of rice farmers’ perception of climate events. The paper therefore examined climate change perception and uptake of climate-smart agriculture in rice production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria using cross-sectional data from 347 rice farmers in an important rice-producing area in Nigeria. Principal component analysis, multivariate probit regression model and descriptive statistics were adopted for data analysis. Perceived climate events include increased rainfall intensity, prolonged dry seasons, frequent floods, rising temperature, severe windstorms, unpredictable rainfall pattern and distribution, late onset rain, and early cessation of rain. Farmers’ socioeconomic, farm and institutional characteristics influenced their perception of climate change. Additionally, rice farmers used a variety of climate-smart practices and technologies to respond to the perceived climate events. Such climate-smart practices include planting improved rice varieties, insurance, planting different crops, livelihood diversification, soil and water conservation techniques, adjusting planting and harvesting dates, irrigation, reliance on climate information and forecasts, planting on the nursery, appropriate application of fertilizer and efficient and effective use of pesticides. These climate-smart agricultural measures were further delineated into five broad packages using principal component analysis. These packages include crop and land management practices, climate-based services and irrigation, livelihood diversification and soil fertility management, efficient and effective use of pesticide and planting on the nursery. High fertilizer costs, lack of access to inputs, insufficient land, insufficient capital, pests and diseases, floods, scorching sun, high labour cost, insufficient climate information, and poor extension services were the barriers to uptake of climate-smart agriculture in rice production. Rice farmers should be supported to implement climate-smart agriculture in rice production in order to achieve the objectives of increased rice productivity and income, food security, climate resilience and mitigation.Robert Ugochukwu OnyenekeMark Umunna AmadiChukwudi Loveday NjokuEmeka Emmanuel OsujiMDPI AGarticleclimate changeperceptionrice farmingclimate-smart agricultureprincipal component analysismultivariate probit regressionMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1503, p 1503 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change perception rice farming climate-smart agriculture principal component analysis multivariate probit regression Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	climate change perception rice farming climate-smart agriculture principal component analysis multivariate probit regression Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke Mark Umunna Amadi Chukwudi Loveday Njoku Emeka Emmanuel Osuji Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
description	Rice production in Nigeria is vulnerable to climate risks and rice farmers over time have experienced the risks and their respective impacts on rice farming. Rice farmers have also responded to perceived climate risks with strategies believed to be climate-smart. Farmers’ perception of climate risks is an important first step of determining any action to be taken to counteract the negative effects of climate change on agriculture. Studies on the link between perceived climate risks and farmers’ response strategies are increasing. However, there are limited studies on the determinants of rice farmers’ perception of climate events. The paper therefore examined climate change perception and uptake of climate-smart agriculture in rice production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria using cross-sectional data from 347 rice farmers in an important rice-producing area in Nigeria. Principal component analysis, multivariate probit regression model and descriptive statistics were adopted for data analysis. Perceived climate events include increased rainfall intensity, prolonged dry seasons, frequent floods, rising temperature, severe windstorms, unpredictable rainfall pattern and distribution, late onset rain, and early cessation of rain. Farmers’ socioeconomic, farm and institutional characteristics influenced their perception of climate change. Additionally, rice farmers used a variety of climate-smart practices and technologies to respond to the perceived climate events. Such climate-smart practices include planting improved rice varieties, insurance, planting different crops, livelihood diversification, soil and water conservation techniques, adjusting planting and harvesting dates, irrigation, reliance on climate information and forecasts, planting on the nursery, appropriate application of fertilizer and efficient and effective use of pesticides. These climate-smart agricultural measures were further delineated into five broad packages using principal component analysis. These packages include crop and land management practices, climate-based services and irrigation, livelihood diversification and soil fertility management, efficient and effective use of pesticide and planting on the nursery. High fertilizer costs, lack of access to inputs, insufficient land, insufficient capital, pests and diseases, floods, scorching sun, high labour cost, insufficient climate information, and poor extension services were the barriers to uptake of climate-smart agriculture in rice production. Rice farmers should be supported to implement climate-smart agriculture in rice production in order to achieve the objectives of increased rice productivity and income, food security, climate resilience and mitigation.
format	article
author	Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke Mark Umunna Amadi Chukwudi Loveday Njoku Emeka Emmanuel Osuji
author_facet	Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke Mark Umunna Amadi Chukwudi Loveday Njoku Emeka Emmanuel Osuji
author_sort	Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke
title	Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
title_short	Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
title_full	Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
title_fullStr	Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed	Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
title_sort	climate change perception and uptake of climate-smart agriculture in rice production in ebonyi state, nigeria
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4a9826f0a6d84301ace7ee6e17613cb6
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Climate Change Perception and Uptake of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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