<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae show that rates of carriage are highest in early childhood and that the major benefit of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a reduction in the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonization through decreased transmission within a popula...

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Autores principales:	Tonia Zangari, Yang Wang, Jeffrey N. Weiser
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	PCV Streptococcus pneumoniae immunity transmission Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4aa194b8be7945df9ac80a30d73e9887
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4aa194b8be7945df9ac80a30d73e98872021-11-15T15:50:59Z<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model10.1128/mBio.00188-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/4aa194b8be7945df9ac80a30d73e98872017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00188-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae show that rates of carriage are highest in early childhood and that the major benefit of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a reduction in the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonization through decreased transmission within a population. In this study, we sought to understand how anti-S. pneumoniae immunity affects nasal shedding of bacteria, the limiting step in experimental pneumococcal transmission. Using an infant mouse model, we examined the role of immunity (passed from mother to pup) on shedding and within-litter transmission of S. pneumoniae by pups infected at 4 days of life. Pups from both previously colonized immune and PCV-vaccinated mothers had higher levels of anti-S. pneumoniae IgG than pups from non-immune or non-vaccinated mothers and shed significantly fewer S. pneumoniae over the first 5 days of infection. By setting up cross-foster experiments, we demonstrated that maternal passage of antibody to pups either in utero or post-natally decreases S. pneumoniae shedding. Passive immunization experiments showed that type-specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide is sufficient to decrease shedding and that the agglutinating function of immunoglobulin is required for this effect. Finally, we established that anti-pneumococcal immunity and anti-PCV vaccination block host-to-host transmission of S. pneumoniae. Moreover, immunity in either the donor or recipient pups alone was sufficient to reduce rates of transmission, indicating that decreased shedding and protection from acquisition of colonization are both contributing factors. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced levels of S. pneumoniae transmission between hosts immune from prior exposure and among vaccinated children. IMPORTANCE Rates of carriage of the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae are highest among young children, and this is the target group for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Epidemiological studies have suggested that a major benefit of the PCV is a reduction in host-to-host transmission, which also protects the non-vaccinated population (“herd immunity”). In this study, we examined the role of anti-pneumococcal immunity on nasal shedding and transmission of the pathogen using an infant mouse model. We found that shedding is decreased and transmission is blocked by anti-pneumococcal immunity and PCV vaccination. Additionally, transmission rates decreased if either the infected or contact pups were immune, indicating that reduced shedding and protection from the establishment of colonization are both contributing factors. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the herd immunity effect seen after the introduction of PCV and identifies potential points of intervention, which may have implications for future vaccine development.Tonia ZangariYang WangJeffrey N. WeiserAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlePCVStreptococcus pneumoniaeimmunitytransmissionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 2 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PCV Streptococcus pneumoniae immunity transmission Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	PCV Streptococcus pneumoniae immunity transmission Microbiology QR1-502 Tonia Zangari Yang Wang Jeffrey N. Weiser <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
description	ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae show that rates of carriage are highest in early childhood and that the major benefit of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a reduction in the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonization through decreased transmission within a population. In this study, we sought to understand how anti-S. pneumoniae immunity affects nasal shedding of bacteria, the limiting step in experimental pneumococcal transmission. Using an infant mouse model, we examined the role of immunity (passed from mother to pup) on shedding and within-litter transmission of S. pneumoniae by pups infected at 4 days of life. Pups from both previously colonized immune and PCV-vaccinated mothers had higher levels of anti-S. pneumoniae IgG than pups from non-immune or non-vaccinated mothers and shed significantly fewer S. pneumoniae over the first 5 days of infection. By setting up cross-foster experiments, we demonstrated that maternal passage of antibody to pups either in utero or post-natally decreases S. pneumoniae shedding. Passive immunization experiments showed that type-specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide is sufficient to decrease shedding and that the agglutinating function of immunoglobulin is required for this effect. Finally, we established that anti-pneumococcal immunity and anti-PCV vaccination block host-to-host transmission of S. pneumoniae. Moreover, immunity in either the donor or recipient pups alone was sufficient to reduce rates of transmission, indicating that decreased shedding and protection from acquisition of colonization are both contributing factors. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced levels of S. pneumoniae transmission between hosts immune from prior exposure and among vaccinated children. IMPORTANCE Rates of carriage of the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae are highest among young children, and this is the target group for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Epidemiological studies have suggested that a major benefit of the PCV is a reduction in host-to-host transmission, which also protects the non-vaccinated population (“herd immunity”). In this study, we examined the role of anti-pneumococcal immunity on nasal shedding and transmission of the pathogen using an infant mouse model. We found that shedding is decreased and transmission is blocked by anti-pneumococcal immunity and PCV vaccination. Additionally, transmission rates decreased if either the infected or contact pups were immune, indicating that reduced shedding and protection from the establishment of colonization are both contributing factors. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the herd immunity effect seen after the introduction of PCV and identifies potential points of intervention, which may have implications for future vaccine development.
format	article
author	Tonia Zangari Yang Wang Jeffrey N. Weiser
author_facet	Tonia Zangari Yang Wang Jeffrey N. Weiser
author_sort	Tonia Zangari
title	<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
title_short	<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
title_full	<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
title_fullStr	<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
title_full_unstemmed	<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model
title_sort	<italic toggle="yes">streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> transmission is blocked by type-specific immunity in an infant mouse model
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/4aa194b8be7945df9ac80a30d73e9887
work_keys_str_mv	AT toniazangari italictoggleyesstreptococcuspneumoniaeitalictransmissionisblockedbytypespecificimmunityinaninfantmousemodel AT yangwang italictoggleyesstreptococcuspneumoniaeitalictransmissionisblockedbytypespecificimmunityinaninfantmousemodel AT jeffreynweiser italictoggleyesstreptococcuspneumoniaeitalictransmissionisblockedbytypespecificimmunityinaninfantmousemodel
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<italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model

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