The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption

Abstract After 53 years of quiescence, Mount Agung awoke in August 2017, with intense seismicity, measurable ground deformation, and thermal anomalies in the summit crater. Although the seismic unrest peaked in late September and early October, the volcano did not start erupting until 21 November. T...

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Autores principales:	D. K. Syahbana, K. Kasbani, G. Suantika, O. Prambada, A. S. Andreas, U. B. Saing, S. L. Kunrat, S. Andreastuti, M. Martanto, E. Kriswati, Y. Suparman, H. Humaida, S. Ogburn, P. J. Kelly, J. Wellik, H. M. N. Wright, J. D. Pesicek, R. Wessels, C. Kern, M. Lisowski, A. Diefenbach, M. Poland, F. Beauducel, J. Pallister, R. G. Vaughan, J. B. Lowenstern
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4aaf6d9b86de47aabc180a33238d21f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4aaf6d9b86de47aabc180a33238d21f32021-12-02T15:08:47ZThe 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption10.1038/s41598-019-45295-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4aaf6d9b86de47aabc180a33238d21f32019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45295-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract After 53 years of quiescence, Mount Agung awoke in August 2017, with intense seismicity, measurable ground deformation, and thermal anomalies in the summit crater. Although the seismic unrest peaked in late September and early October, the volcano did not start erupting until 21 November. The most intense explosive eruptions with accompanying rapid lava effusion occurred between 25 and 29 November. Smaller infrequent explosions and extrusions continue through the present (June 2019). The delay between intense unrest and eruption caused considerable challenges to emergency responders, local and national governmental agencies, and the population of Bali near the volcano, including over 140,000 evacuees. This paper provides an overview of the volcanic activity at Mount Agung from the viewpoint of the volcano observatory and other scientists responding to the volcanic crisis. We discuss the volcanic activity as well as key data streams used to track it. We provide evidence that magma intruded into the mid-crust in early 2017, and again in August of that year, prior to intrusion of an inferred dike between Mount Agung and Batur Caldera that initiated an earthquake swarm in late September. We summarize efforts to forecast the behavior of the volcano, to quantify exclusion zones for evacuations, and to work with emergency responders and other government agencies to make decisions during a complex and tense volcanic crisis.D. K. SyahbanaK. KasbaniG. SuantikaO. PrambadaA. S. AndreasU. B. SaingS. L. KunratS. AndreastutiM. MartantoE. KriswatiY. SuparmanH. HumaidaS. OgburnP. J. KellyJ. WellikH. M. N. WrightJ. D. PesicekR. WesselsC. KernM. LisowskiA. DiefenbachM. PolandF. BeauducelJ. PallisterR. G. VaughanJ. B. LowensternNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q D. K. Syahbana K. Kasbani G. Suantika O. Prambada A. S. Andreas U. B. Saing S. L. Kunrat S. Andreastuti M. Martanto E. Kriswati Y. Suparman H. Humaida S. Ogburn P. J. Kelly J. Wellik H. M. N. Wright J. D. Pesicek R. Wessels C. Kern M. Lisowski A. Diefenbach M. Poland F. Beauducel J. Pallister R. G. Vaughan J. B. Lowenstern The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
description	Abstract After 53 years of quiescence, Mount Agung awoke in August 2017, with intense seismicity, measurable ground deformation, and thermal anomalies in the summit crater. Although the seismic unrest peaked in late September and early October, the volcano did not start erupting until 21 November. The most intense explosive eruptions with accompanying rapid lava effusion occurred between 25 and 29 November. Smaller infrequent explosions and extrusions continue through the present (June 2019). The delay between intense unrest and eruption caused considerable challenges to emergency responders, local and national governmental agencies, and the population of Bali near the volcano, including over 140,000 evacuees. This paper provides an overview of the volcanic activity at Mount Agung from the viewpoint of the volcano observatory and other scientists responding to the volcanic crisis. We discuss the volcanic activity as well as key data streams used to track it. We provide evidence that magma intruded into the mid-crust in early 2017, and again in August of that year, prior to intrusion of an inferred dike between Mount Agung and Batur Caldera that initiated an earthquake swarm in late September. We summarize efforts to forecast the behavior of the volcano, to quantify exclusion zones for evacuations, and to work with emergency responders and other government agencies to make decisions during a complex and tense volcanic crisis.
format	article
author	D. K. Syahbana K. Kasbani G. Suantika O. Prambada A. S. Andreas U. B. Saing S. L. Kunrat S. Andreastuti M. Martanto E. Kriswati Y. Suparman H. Humaida S. Ogburn P. J. Kelly J. Wellik H. M. N. Wright J. D. Pesicek R. Wessels C. Kern M. Lisowski A. Diefenbach M. Poland F. Beauducel J. Pallister R. G. Vaughan J. B. Lowenstern
author_facet	D. K. Syahbana K. Kasbani G. Suantika O. Prambada A. S. Andreas U. B. Saing S. L. Kunrat S. Andreastuti M. Martanto E. Kriswati Y. Suparman H. Humaida S. Ogburn P. J. Kelly J. Wellik H. M. N. Wright J. D. Pesicek R. Wessels C. Kern M. Lisowski A. Diefenbach M. Poland F. Beauducel J. Pallister R. G. Vaughan J. B. Lowenstern
author_sort	D. K. Syahbana
title	The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
title_short	The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
title_full	The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
title_fullStr	The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
title_full_unstemmed	The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
title_sort	2017–19 activity at mount agung in bali (indonesia): intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/4aaf6d9b86de47aabc180a33238d21f3
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The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption

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