Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility

Regulating the frequencies of power grids by controlling electric vehicle charging and discharging, known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services, is a promising and profitable means of providing flexibility that integrates variable renewable energy (VRE) into traditional power systems. However,...

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Autores principales:	Ryosuke Kataoka, Kazuhiko Ogimoto, Yumiko Iwafune
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid marginal value load-frequency control production cost model power system operation Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4ace3d11c5024e1d84c370dc703213c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4ace3d11c5024e1d84c370dc703213c32021-11-25T17:26:53ZMarginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility10.3390/en142275771996-1073https://doaj.org/article/4ace3d11c5024e1d84c370dc703213c32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7577https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Regulating the frequencies of power grids by controlling electric vehicle charging and discharging, known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services, is a promising and profitable means of providing flexibility that integrates variable renewable energy (VRE) into traditional power systems. However, the ancillary services market is a niche, and the scale, saturation, and time-dependency are unclear when assuming future changes in the power system structure. We studied the marginal value of V2G ancillary services as a balancing capacity of the power system operation on the load-frequency control (LFC) timescale and evaluated the reasonable maximum capacity of the LFC provided by V2G. As a case study, we assumed that the Japanese power system would be used under various VRE penetration scenarios and considered the limited availability time of V2G, based on the daily commuter cycle. The power system operation was modeled by considering pumped storage, interconnection lines, and thermal power–partial load operations. The results show that the marginal value of V2G was greater during the daytime than overnight, and the maximum cost saving (USD 705.6/EV/year) occurred during the daytime under the high-VRE scenario. Improving the value and size of V2G ancillary services required coordination with energy storage and excess VRE generation.Ryosuke KataokaKazuhiko OgimotoYumiko IwafuneMDPI AGarticleelectric vehiclevehicle-to-gridmarginal valueload-frequency controlproduction cost modelpower system operationTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7577, p 7577 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid marginal value load-frequency control production cost model power system operation Technology T
spellingShingle	electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid marginal value load-frequency control production cost model power system operation Technology T Ryosuke Kataoka Kazuhiko Ogimoto Yumiko Iwafune Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
description	Regulating the frequencies of power grids by controlling electric vehicle charging and discharging, known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services, is a promising and profitable means of providing flexibility that integrates variable renewable energy (VRE) into traditional power systems. However, the ancillary services market is a niche, and the scale, saturation, and time-dependency are unclear when assuming future changes in the power system structure. We studied the marginal value of V2G ancillary services as a balancing capacity of the power system operation on the load-frequency control (LFC) timescale and evaluated the reasonable maximum capacity of the LFC provided by V2G. As a case study, we assumed that the Japanese power system would be used under various VRE penetration scenarios and considered the limited availability time of V2G, based on the daily commuter cycle. The power system operation was modeled by considering pumped storage, interconnection lines, and thermal power–partial load operations. The results show that the marginal value of V2G was greater during the daytime than overnight, and the maximum cost saving (USD 705.6/EV/year) occurred during the daytime under the high-VRE scenario. Improving the value and size of V2G ancillary services required coordination with energy storage and excess VRE generation.
format	article
author	Ryosuke Kataoka Kazuhiko Ogimoto Yumiko Iwafune
author_facet	Ryosuke Kataoka Kazuhiko Ogimoto Yumiko Iwafune
author_sort	Ryosuke Kataoka
title	Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
title_short	Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
title_full	Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
title_fullStr	Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
title_full_unstemmed	Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility
title_sort	marginal value of vehicle-to-grid ancillary service in a power system with variable renewable energy penetration and grid side flexibility
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4ace3d11c5024e1d84c370dc703213c3
work_keys_str_mv	AT ryosukekataoka marginalvalueofvehicletogridancillaryserviceinapowersystemwithvariablerenewableenergypenetrationandgridsideflexibility AT kazuhikoogimoto marginalvalueofvehicletogridancillaryserviceinapowersystemwithvariablerenewableenergypenetrationandgridsideflexibility AT yumikoiwafune marginalvalueofvehicletogridancillaryserviceinapowersystemwithvariablerenewableenergypenetrationandgridsideflexibility
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Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility

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