Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains

Supra-glacial material, including light-absorbing impurities (LAI) such as mineral dust of crustal and soil origin, black carbon, algae and cryoconite, reduce the reflectance of snow and glacier ice. The reduction depends on the amount of LAI and their physical and chemical properties, which vary sp...

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Autores principales:	Stanislav Kutuzov, Maria Shahgedanova, Viktoria Krupskaya, Sergey Goryachkin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	light-absorbing impurities mineral dust spectral reflectance albedo glaciers Caucasus Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4af7760ba7b548fb87d2e92e918d54a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4af7760ba7b548fb87d2e92e918d54a92021-11-11T19:53:49ZOptical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains10.3390/w132129932073-4441https://doaj.org/article/4af7760ba7b548fb87d2e92e918d54a92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2993https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Supra-glacial material, including light-absorbing impurities (LAI) such as mineral dust of crustal and soil origin, black carbon, algae and cryoconite, reduce the reflectance of snow and glacier ice. The reduction depends on the amount of LAI and their physical and chemical properties, which vary spatially and temporally. Spectral reflectance data and snow and ice samples, containing LAI, were collected in the ablation zone of the Djankuat Glacier, Central Caucasus, Russia. The spectra of the samples containing mineral dust transported from deserts were characterized by negative visible near-infrared gradients and were different from the spectra of clean aged snow and exposed glacier ice and from the samples containing mineral dust produced locally. Geochemical and mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed that samples containing desert dust were characterised by a high proportion of clay materials and such minerals as smectites, illite–smectites and palygorskite and by a smaller size of mineral particles. They were enriched in chromium, zinc and vanadium. The latter served as an indicator of dust transport over or origin from the oil-producing regions of the Middle East. There was a strong negative correlation between the amount of organic matter and mineral dust in the collected samples and the albedo of surfaces from which the samples were collected. The results suggested that organic matter reduced albedo more efficiently than mineral dust. The study highlighted the importance of supra-glacial material in changing the surface reflectivity of snow and glaciers in the Caucasus region.Stanislav KutuzovMaria ShahgedanovaViktoria KrupskayaSergey GoryachkinMDPI AGarticlelight-absorbing impuritiesmineral dustspectral reflectancealbedoglaciersCaucasusHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 2993, p 2993 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	light-absorbing impurities mineral dust spectral reflectance albedo glaciers Caucasus Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	light-absorbing impurities mineral dust spectral reflectance albedo glaciers Caucasus Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Stanislav Kutuzov Maria Shahgedanova Viktoria Krupskaya Sergey Goryachkin Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
description	Supra-glacial material, including light-absorbing impurities (LAI) such as mineral dust of crustal and soil origin, black carbon, algae and cryoconite, reduce the reflectance of snow and glacier ice. The reduction depends on the amount of LAI and their physical and chemical properties, which vary spatially and temporally. Spectral reflectance data and snow and ice samples, containing LAI, were collected in the ablation zone of the Djankuat Glacier, Central Caucasus, Russia. The spectra of the samples containing mineral dust transported from deserts were characterized by negative visible near-infrared gradients and were different from the spectra of clean aged snow and exposed glacier ice and from the samples containing mineral dust produced locally. Geochemical and mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed that samples containing desert dust were characterised by a high proportion of clay materials and such minerals as smectites, illite–smectites and palygorskite and by a smaller size of mineral particles. They were enriched in chromium, zinc and vanadium. The latter served as an indicator of dust transport over or origin from the oil-producing regions of the Middle East. There was a strong negative correlation between the amount of organic matter and mineral dust in the collected samples and the albedo of surfaces from which the samples were collected. The results suggested that organic matter reduced albedo more efficiently than mineral dust. The study highlighted the importance of supra-glacial material in changing the surface reflectivity of snow and glaciers in the Caucasus region.
format	article
author	Stanislav Kutuzov Maria Shahgedanova Viktoria Krupskaya Sergey Goryachkin
author_facet	Stanislav Kutuzov Maria Shahgedanova Viktoria Krupskaya Sergey Goryachkin
author_sort	Stanislav Kutuzov
title	Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
title_short	Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
title_full	Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
title_fullStr	Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
title_full_unstemmed	Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains
title_sort	optical, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of light-absorbing impurities deposited on djankuat glacier in the caucasus mountains
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4af7760ba7b548fb87d2e92e918d54a9
work_keys_str_mv	AT stanislavkutuzov opticalgeochemicalandmineralogicalcharacteristicsoflightabsorbingimpuritiesdepositedondjankuatglacierinthecaucasusmountains AT mariashahgedanova opticalgeochemicalandmineralogicalcharacteristicsoflightabsorbingimpuritiesdepositedondjankuatglacierinthecaucasusmountains AT viktoriakrupskaya opticalgeochemicalandmineralogicalcharacteristicsoflightabsorbingimpuritiesdepositedondjankuatglacierinthecaucasusmountains AT sergeygoryachkin opticalgeochemicalandmineralogicalcharacteristicsoflightabsorbingimpuritiesdepositedondjankuatglacierinthecaucasusmountains
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Optical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Impurities Deposited on Djankuat Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains

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