A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.

<h4>Background</h4>Traditional agro-systems in arid areas are a bulwark for preserving soil stability and fertility, in the sight of "reverse desertification". Nevertheless, the impact of desert farming practices on the diversity and abundance of the plant associated microbiome...

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Autores principales:	Ramona Marasco, Eleonora Rolli, Besma Ettoumi, Gianpiero Vigani, Francesca Mapelli, Sara Borin, Ayman F Abou-Hadid, Usama A El-Behairy, Claudia Sorlini, Ameur Cherif, Graziano Zocchi, Daniele Daffonchio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4b03146e70af4337a51465730dc70bde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4b03146e70af4337a51465730dc70bde2021-11-18T08:10:22ZA drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0048479https://doaj.org/article/4b03146e70af4337a51465730dc70bde2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23119032/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Traditional agro-systems in arid areas are a bulwark for preserving soil stability and fertility, in the sight of "reverse desertification". Nevertheless, the impact of desert farming practices on the diversity and abundance of the plant associated microbiome is poorly characterized, including its functional role in supporting plant development under drought stress.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We assessed the structure of the microbiome associated to the drought-sensitive pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in a traditional Egyptian farm, focusing on microbe contribution to a crucial ecosystem service, i.e. plant growth under water deficit. The root system was dissected by sampling root/soil with a different degree of association to the plant: the endosphere, the rhizosphere and the root surrounding soil that were compared to the uncultivated soil. Bacterial community structure and diversity, determined by using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, differed according to the microhabitat, indicating a selective pressure determined by the plant activity. Similarly, culturable bacteria genera showed different distribution in the three root system fractions. Bacillus spp. (68% of the isolates) were mainly recovered from the endosphere, while rhizosphere and the root surrounding soil fractions were dominated by Klebsiella spp. (61% and 44% respectively). Most of the isolates (95%) presented in vitro multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) activities and stress resistance capabilities, but their distribution was different among the root system fractions analyzed, with enhanced abilities for Bacillus and the rhizobacteria strains. We show that the C. annuum rhizosphere under desert farming enriched populations of PGP bacteria capable of enhancing plant photosynthetic activity and biomass synthesis (up to 40%) under drought stress.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Crop cultivation provides critical ecosystem services in arid lands with the plant root system acting as a "resource island" able to attract and select microbial communities endowed with multiple PGP traits that sustain plant development under water limiting conditions.Ramona MarascoEleonora RolliBesma EttoumiGianpiero ViganiFrancesca MapelliSara BorinAyman F Abou-HadidUsama A El-BehairyClaudia SorliniAmeur CherifGraziano ZocchiDaniele DaffonchioPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e48479 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ramona Marasco Eleonora Rolli Besma Ettoumi Gianpiero Vigani Francesca Mapelli Sara Borin Ayman F Abou-Hadid Usama A El-Behairy Claudia Sorlini Ameur Cherif Graziano Zocchi Daniele Daffonchio A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Traditional agro-systems in arid areas are a bulwark for preserving soil stability and fertility, in the sight of "reverse desertification". Nevertheless, the impact of desert farming practices on the diversity and abundance of the plant associated microbiome is poorly characterized, including its functional role in supporting plant development under drought stress.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We assessed the structure of the microbiome associated to the drought-sensitive pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in a traditional Egyptian farm, focusing on microbe contribution to a crucial ecosystem service, i.e. plant growth under water deficit. The root system was dissected by sampling root/soil with a different degree of association to the plant: the endosphere, the rhizosphere and the root surrounding soil that were compared to the uncultivated soil. Bacterial community structure and diversity, determined by using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, differed according to the microhabitat, indicating a selective pressure determined by the plant activity. Similarly, culturable bacteria genera showed different distribution in the three root system fractions. Bacillus spp. (68% of the isolates) were mainly recovered from the endosphere, while rhizosphere and the root surrounding soil fractions were dominated by Klebsiella spp. (61% and 44% respectively). Most of the isolates (95%) presented in vitro multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) activities and stress resistance capabilities, but their distribution was different among the root system fractions analyzed, with enhanced abilities for Bacillus and the rhizobacteria strains. We show that the C. annuum rhizosphere under desert farming enriched populations of PGP bacteria capable of enhancing plant photosynthetic activity and biomass synthesis (up to 40%) under drought stress.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Crop cultivation provides critical ecosystem services in arid lands with the plant root system acting as a "resource island" able to attract and select microbial communities endowed with multiple PGP traits that sustain plant development under water limiting conditions.
format	article
author	Ramona Marasco Eleonora Rolli Besma Ettoumi Gianpiero Vigani Francesca Mapelli Sara Borin Ayman F Abou-Hadid Usama A El-Behairy Claudia Sorlini Ameur Cherif Graziano Zocchi Daniele Daffonchio
author_facet	Ramona Marasco Eleonora Rolli Besma Ettoumi Gianpiero Vigani Francesca Mapelli Sara Borin Ayman F Abou-Hadid Usama A El-Behairy Claudia Sorlini Ameur Cherif Graziano Zocchi Daniele Daffonchio
author_sort	Ramona Marasco
title	A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
title_short	A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
title_full	A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
title_fullStr	A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
title_full_unstemmed	A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
title_sort	drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/4b03146e70af4337a51465730dc70bde
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A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming.

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