A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process
Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was ca...
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Nature Portfolio
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:4b0b33b72acc47459e9e947a3da53b822021-12-02T17:40:06ZA twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process10.1038/s41545-021-00122-52059-7037https://doaj.org/article/4b0b33b72acc47459e9e947a3da53b822021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00122-5https://doaj.org/toc/2059-7037Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was carried out. The reactor’s anammox start-up with the only magnetic field (R3) was 34 days, saving 43.3% time compared with the control. The increase of nitrogen removal efficiency over the control was 43.7% during the start-up period. However, the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zerovalent iron and magnetic field (R4) was more stable with higher nitrogen removal efficiency (80%) at high nitrogen loading (5.28 kg/m3/d). Anammox gene copy number in R4 was highest after 180 days of culture, followed by nano-zerovalent iron (R2) and R3 reactor. The functional genes of denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS) were also identified in all reactors with higher copy numbers in R2, followed by R4 and R3. Furthermore, high throughput analysis showed that the Thauera performing partial denitrification, Ignavibacterium performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or nitrite were also present in all reactors, more abundant in R4, confirming that the higher nitrogen removal efficiency in R4 was attributed to the synergistic relationship of other nitrogenous genera with anammox. The higher abundance of PD and DNRA in the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zero valent iron and magnetic field, achieved in this research, opens the opportunity of complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA (SPDAD) process.Hafiz Adeel AhmadBeibei GuoXuming ZhuangYiyi ZhaoShakeel AhmadTaeho LeeJiegao ZhuYuliang DongShou-Qing NiNature PortfolioarticleWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENnpj Clean Water, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021) |
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Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
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Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| description |
Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was carried out. The reactor’s anammox start-up with the only magnetic field (R3) was 34 days, saving 43.3% time compared with the control. The increase of nitrogen removal efficiency over the control was 43.7% during the start-up period. However, the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zerovalent iron and magnetic field (R4) was more stable with higher nitrogen removal efficiency (80%) at high nitrogen loading (5.28 kg/m3/d). Anammox gene copy number in R4 was highest after 180 days of culture, followed by nano-zerovalent iron (R2) and R3 reactor. The functional genes of denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS) were also identified in all reactors with higher copy numbers in R2, followed by R4 and R3. Furthermore, high throughput analysis showed that the Thauera performing partial denitrification, Ignavibacterium performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or nitrite were also present in all reactors, more abundant in R4, confirming that the higher nitrogen removal efficiency in R4 was attributed to the synergistic relationship of other nitrogenous genera with anammox. The higher abundance of PD and DNRA in the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zero valent iron and magnetic field, achieved in this research, opens the opportunity of complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA (SPDAD) process. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni |
| author_facet |
Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni |
| author_sort |
Hafiz Adeel Ahmad |
| title |
A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_short |
A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_full |
A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_fullStr |
A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_sort |
twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and dnra process |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/4b0b33b72acc47459e9e947a3da53b82 |
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