Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models

Fruits of Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis are representative plant materials traditionally used in Europe and Asia, respectively, in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, which are often mediated by pathogenic inflammatory agents. Addit...

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Autores principales:	Monika E. Czerwińska, Agata Bobińska, Katarzyna Cichocka, Tina Buchholz, Konrad Woliński, Matthias F. Melzig
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	loganin loganic acid dogwood inflammation traditional medicine Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4b0dd5bc4a2d417dbe64c103bbafe393
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4b0dd5bc4a2d417dbe64c103bbafe3932021-11-25T18:45:38Z<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models10.3390/plants101123472223-7747https://doaj.org/article/4b0dd5bc4a2d417dbe64c103bbafe3932021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2347https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Fruits of <i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i> are representative plant materials traditionally used in Europe and Asia, respectively, in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, which are often mediated by pathogenic inflammatory agents. Additionally, due to the fact of mutual infiltration of Asian and European medicines, the differentiation as well as standardization of traditional prescriptions seem to be crucial for ensuring the quality of traditional products. The objective of this study was a comparison of biological activity of extracts from fruits of <i>C. mas</i> and <i>C. officinalis</i> by an assessment of their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human neutrophils as well as cytokines secretion both in neutrophils (tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i>, TNF- <i>α</i>; interleukin 8, IL-8; interleukin 1<i>β</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>) and in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 (IL-8). To evaluate the phytochemical differences between the studied extracts as well as to provide a method for standardization procedures, a quantitative analysis of iridoids, such as loganin, sweroside, and loganic acid, found in extracts of <i>Cornus</i> fruits was performed with HPLC-DAD. All standardized extracts significantly inhibited ROS production, whereas the aqueous-alcoholic extracts were particularly active inhibitors of IL-8 secretion by neutrophils. The aqueous-methanolic extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit, decreased IL-8 secretion by neutrophils to 54.64 ± 7.67%, 49.68 ± 6.55%, 50.29 ± 5.87% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively, compared to LPS-stimulated control (100%). The aqueous extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit significantly inhibited TNF-<i>α</i> release by neutrophils at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. On the other hand, the aqueous-ethanolic extract of <i>C. mas</i> fruit showed the propensity to increase TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-1<i>β</i> secretion. The modulatory activity of the <i>Cornus</i> extracts was noted in the case of secretion of IL-8 in Caco-2 cells. The effect was comparable with dexamethasone. The content of loganin in aqueous and aqueous-methanolic extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit was higher than in the aqueous-ethanolic extract of <i>C. mas</i> fruit, which was characterized by a significant quantity of loganic acid. In conclusion, the immunomodulatory effect observed in vitro may partially confirm the traditional use of <i>Cornus</i> fruits through alleviation of the development of diabetes-derived inflammatory complications. Loganin and loganic acid are significant markers for standardization of <i>C. mas</i> and <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit extracts, respectively.Monika E. CzerwińskaAgata BobińskaKatarzyna CichockaTina BuchholzKonrad WolińskiMatthias F. MelzigMDPI AGarticleloganinloganic aciddogwoodinflammationtraditional medicineBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2347, p 2347 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	loganin loganic acid dogwood inflammation traditional medicine Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	loganin loganic acid dogwood inflammation traditional medicine Botany QK1-989 Monika E. Czerwińska Agata Bobińska Katarzyna Cichocka Tina Buchholz Konrad Woliński Matthias F. Melzig <i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
description	Fruits of <i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i> are representative plant materials traditionally used in Europe and Asia, respectively, in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, which are often mediated by pathogenic inflammatory agents. Additionally, due to the fact of mutual infiltration of Asian and European medicines, the differentiation as well as standardization of traditional prescriptions seem to be crucial for ensuring the quality of traditional products. The objective of this study was a comparison of biological activity of extracts from fruits of <i>C. mas</i> and <i>C. officinalis</i> by an assessment of their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human neutrophils as well as cytokines secretion both in neutrophils (tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i>, TNF- <i>α</i>; interleukin 8, IL-8; interleukin 1<i>β</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>) and in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 (IL-8). To evaluate the phytochemical differences between the studied extracts as well as to provide a method for standardization procedures, a quantitative analysis of iridoids, such as loganin, sweroside, and loganic acid, found in extracts of <i>Cornus</i> fruits was performed with HPLC-DAD. All standardized extracts significantly inhibited ROS production, whereas the aqueous-alcoholic extracts were particularly active inhibitors of IL-8 secretion by neutrophils. The aqueous-methanolic extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit, decreased IL-8 secretion by neutrophils to 54.64 ± 7.67%, 49.68 ± 6.55%, 50.29 ± 5.87% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively, compared to LPS-stimulated control (100%). The aqueous extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit significantly inhibited TNF-<i>α</i> release by neutrophils at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. On the other hand, the aqueous-ethanolic extract of <i>C. mas</i> fruit showed the propensity to increase TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-1<i>β</i> secretion. The modulatory activity of the <i>Cornus</i> extracts was noted in the case of secretion of IL-8 in Caco-2 cells. The effect was comparable with dexamethasone. The content of loganin in aqueous and aqueous-methanolic extract of <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit was higher than in the aqueous-ethanolic extract of <i>C. mas</i> fruit, which was characterized by a significant quantity of loganic acid. In conclusion, the immunomodulatory effect observed in vitro may partially confirm the traditional use of <i>Cornus</i> fruits through alleviation of the development of diabetes-derived inflammatory complications. Loganin and loganic acid are significant markers for standardization of <i>C. mas</i> and <i>C. officinalis</i> fruit extracts, respectively.
format	article
author	Monika E. Czerwińska Agata Bobińska Katarzyna Cichocka Tina Buchholz Konrad Woliński Matthias F. Melzig
author_facet	Monika E. Czerwińska Agata Bobińska Katarzyna Cichocka Tina Buchholz Konrad Woliński Matthias F. Melzig
author_sort	Monika E. Czerwińska
title	<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
title_short	<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
title_full	<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
title_fullStr	<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models
title_sort	<i>cornus mas</i> and <i>cornus officinalis</i>—a comparison of antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of standardized fruit extracts in human neutrophils and caco-2 models
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4b0dd5bc4a2d417dbe64c103bbafe393
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<i>Cornus mas</i> and <i>Cornus officinalis</i>—A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models

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