Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.

<h4>Background</h4>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. It segregates as four genotypes. All genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. It has been suggested that hepatitis E is zoonotic, but no study has an...

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Autores principales:	Michael A Purdy, Yury E Khudyakov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4b5ed75fbf2c431a84a213fd99b4c959
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4b5ed75fbf2c431a84a213fd99b4c9592021-11-18T07:01:33ZEvolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0014376https://doaj.org/article/4b5ed75fbf2c431a84a213fd99b4c9592010-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21203540/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. It segregates as four genotypes. All genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. It has been suggested that hepatitis E is zoonotic, but no study has analyzed the evolutionary history of HEV. We present here an analysis of the evolutionary history of HEV.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The times to the most recent common ancestors for all four genotypes of HEV were calculated using BEAST to conduct a Bayesian analysis of HEV. The population dynamics for genotypes 1, 3 and 4 were analyzed using skyline plots. Bayesian analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor for modern HEV existed between 536 and 1344 years ago. The progenitor of HEV appears to have given rise to anthropotropic and enzootic forms of HEV, which evolved into genotypes 1 and 2 and genotypes 3 and 4, respectively. Population dynamics suggest that genotypes 1, 3 and 4 experienced a population expansion during the 20(th) century. Genotype 1 has increased in infected population size ∼30-35 years ago. Genotype 3 and 4 have experienced an increase in population size starting late in the 19(th) century until ca.1940-45, with genotype 3 having undergone additional rapid expansion until ca.1960. The effective population size for both genotype 3 and 4 rapidly declined to pre-expansion levels starting in ca.1990. Genotype 4 was further examined as Chinese and Japanese sequences, which exhibited different population dynamics, suggesting that this genotype experienced different evolutionary history in these two countries.<h4>Conclusions</h4>HEV appears to have evolved through a series of steps, in which the ancestors of HEV may have adapted to a succession of animal hosts leading to humans. Analysis of the population dynamics of HEV suggests a substantial temporal variation in the rate of transmission among HEV genotypes in different geographic regions late in the 20(th) Century.Michael A PurdyYury E KhudyakovPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 12, p e14376 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael A Purdy Yury E Khudyakov Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. It segregates as four genotypes. All genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. It has been suggested that hepatitis E is zoonotic, but no study has analyzed the evolutionary history of HEV. We present here an analysis of the evolutionary history of HEV.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The times to the most recent common ancestors for all four genotypes of HEV were calculated using BEAST to conduct a Bayesian analysis of HEV. The population dynamics for genotypes 1, 3 and 4 were analyzed using skyline plots. Bayesian analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor for modern HEV existed between 536 and 1344 years ago. The progenitor of HEV appears to have given rise to anthropotropic and enzootic forms of HEV, which evolved into genotypes 1 and 2 and genotypes 3 and 4, respectively. Population dynamics suggest that genotypes 1, 3 and 4 experienced a population expansion during the 20(th) century. Genotype 1 has increased in infected population size ∼30-35 years ago. Genotype 3 and 4 have experienced an increase in population size starting late in the 19(th) century until ca.1940-45, with genotype 3 having undergone additional rapid expansion until ca.1960. The effective population size for both genotype 3 and 4 rapidly declined to pre-expansion levels starting in ca.1990. Genotype 4 was further examined as Chinese and Japanese sequences, which exhibited different population dynamics, suggesting that this genotype experienced different evolutionary history in these two countries.<h4>Conclusions</h4>HEV appears to have evolved through a series of steps, in which the ancestors of HEV may have adapted to a succession of animal hosts leading to humans. Analysis of the population dynamics of HEV suggests a substantial temporal variation in the rate of transmission among HEV genotypes in different geographic regions late in the 20(th) Century.
format	article
author	Michael A Purdy Yury E Khudyakov
author_facet	Michael A Purdy Yury E Khudyakov
author_sort	Michael A Purdy
title	Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
title_short	Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
title_full	Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
title_fullStr	Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
title_full_unstemmed	Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.
title_sort	evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis e virus.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/4b5ed75fbf2c431a84a213fd99b4c959
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaelapurdy evolutionaryhistoryandpopulationdynamicsofhepatitisevirus AT yuryekhudyakov evolutionaryhistoryandpopulationdynamicsofhepatitisevirus
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Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus.

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