Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, invasion. The five fungal isolates, <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, <i>Cladosporium te...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/4b95ffe1476c4ec8b714e8df84264a79 |
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| Sumario: | Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, invasion. The five fungal isolates, <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, <i>Cladosporium tenuissimum</i> SE-10, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> CTD-24, and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> ZK-5 were assessed for their efficacy in causing mortality against first to sixth instar eggs and neonate larvae seven days post-treatment, and their effects on the feeding performance of sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae at 48 h post-treatment at three concentrations (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>) were also assessed. The six instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae were not susceptible to the five tested fungal isolates. However, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest egg mortality of 40, 70, and 85.6% at 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, followed by <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 (30.6, 50, and 75.6%) and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 (25.6, 40, and 55.6%). In addition, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest neonate mortality of 54.3% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 and <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 caused cumulative mortality, including 93.3 and 83.3% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 reduced the feeding efficacy of first to third instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae by 66.7 to 78.6%, while <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 reduced larval feeding by 48.3 to 57.1% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. However, these fungal isolates were less potent in reducing the feeding activity of fourth to sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae (>46% with <i>B. bassiana</i> at 48 h post-treatment). The tested fungal isolates could play an essential role as microbial biopesticides in suppressing the <i>S. frugiperda</i> population in China after further investigations on their efficacy are obtained in the field. |
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