Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invasion. The five fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, Cladosporium te...

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Autores principales:	Atif Idrees, Ziyad Abdul Qadir, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Ayesha Afzal, Mubasher Hussain, Waqar Islam, Muhammad Saad Waqas, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Jun Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	entomopathogens immature stages feeding ability egg hatchability <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4b95ffe1476c4ec8b714e8df84264a79
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4b95ffe1476c4ec8b714e8df84264a792021-11-25T18:00:05ZEffectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae10.3390/insects121110442075-4450https://doaj.org/article/4b95ffe1476c4ec8b714e8df84264a792021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1044https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, invasion. The five fungal isolates, <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, <i>Cladosporium tenuissimum</i> SE-10, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> CTD-24, and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> ZK-5 were assessed for their efficacy in causing mortality against first to sixth instar eggs and neonate larvae seven days post-treatment, and their effects on the feeding performance of sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae at 48 h post-treatment at three concentrations (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>) were also assessed. The six instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae were not susceptible to the five tested fungal isolates. However, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest egg mortality of 40, 70, and 85.6% at 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, followed by <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 (30.6, 50, and 75.6%) and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 (25.6, 40, and 55.6%). In addition, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest neonate mortality of 54.3% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 and <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 caused cumulative mortality, including 93.3 and 83.3% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 reduced the feeding efficacy of first to third instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae by 66.7 to 78.6%, while <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 reduced larval feeding by 48.3 to 57.1% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. However, these fungal isolates were less potent in reducing the feeding activity of fourth to sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae (>46% with <i>B. bassiana</i> at 48 h post-treatment). The tested fungal isolates could play an essential role as microbial biopesticides in suppressing the <i>S. frugiperda</i> population in China after further investigations on their efficacy are obtained in the field.Atif IdreesZiyad Abdul QadirKomivi Senyo AkutseAyesha AfzalMubasher HussainWaqar IslamMuhammad Saad WaqasBamisope Steve BamisileJun LiMDPI AGarticleentomopathogensimmature stagesfeeding abilityegg hatchability<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>ScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1044, p 1044 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	entomopathogens immature stages feeding ability egg hatchability <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Science Q
spellingShingle	entomopathogens immature stages feeding ability egg hatchability <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Science Q Atif Idrees Ziyad Abdul Qadir Komivi Senyo Akutse Ayesha Afzal Mubasher Hussain Waqar Islam Muhammad Saad Waqas Bamisope Steve Bamisile Jun Li Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
description	Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, invasion. The five fungal isolates, <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, <i>Cladosporium tenuissimum</i> SE-10, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> CTD-24, and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> ZK-5 were assessed for their efficacy in causing mortality against first to sixth instar eggs and neonate larvae seven days post-treatment, and their effects on the feeding performance of sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae at 48 h post-treatment at three concentrations (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>) were also assessed. The six instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae were not susceptible to the five tested fungal isolates. However, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest egg mortality of 40, 70, and 85.6% at 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, followed by <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 (30.6, 50, and 75.6%) and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 (25.6, 40, and 55.6%). In addition, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 caused the highest neonate mortality of 54.3% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 and <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 caused cumulative mortality, including 93.3 and 83.3% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <i>B. bassiana</i> ZK-5 reduced the feeding efficacy of first to third instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae by 66.7 to 78.6%, while <i>P. citrinum</i> CTD-24 and <i>C. tenuissimum</i> SE-10 reduced larval feeding by 48.3 to 57.1% at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> conidia mL<sup>−1</sup>. However, these fungal isolates were less potent in reducing the feeding activity of fourth to sixth instar <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae (>46% with <i>B. bassiana</i> at 48 h post-treatment). The tested fungal isolates could play an essential role as microbial biopesticides in suppressing the <i>S. frugiperda</i> population in China after further investigations on their efficacy are obtained in the field.
format	article
author	Atif Idrees Ziyad Abdul Qadir Komivi Senyo Akutse Ayesha Afzal Mubasher Hussain Waqar Islam Muhammad Saad Waqas Bamisope Steve Bamisile Jun Li
author_facet	Atif Idrees Ziyad Abdul Qadir Komivi Senyo Akutse Ayesha Afzal Mubasher Hussain Waqar Islam Muhammad Saad Waqas Bamisope Steve Bamisile Jun Li
author_sort	Atif Idrees
title	Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
title_short	Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
title_full	Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
title_fullStr	Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
title_full_unstemmed	Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
title_sort	effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi on immature stages and feeding performance of fall armyworm, <i>spodoptera frugiperda</i> (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4b95ffe1476c4ec8b714e8df84264a79
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Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

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