The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada

Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury....

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Autores principales:	Victoria Nadalin, Cameron Mustard, Peter M. Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Employment standards Occupational health Occupational safety Vulnerability Work injury Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d341
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d3412021-11-30T04:15:34ZThe Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada2093-791110.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.002https://doaj.org/article/4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d3412021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209379112100055Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2093-7911Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards. Methods: Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures. Results: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.Victoria NadalinCameron MustardPeter M. SmithElsevierarticleEmployment standardsOccupational healthOccupational safetyVulnerabilityWork injuryPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENSafety and Health at Work, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 471-478 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Employment standards Occupational health Occupational safety Vulnerability Work injury Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Employment standards Occupational health Occupational safety Vulnerability Work injury Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Victoria Nadalin Cameron Mustard Peter M. Smith The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
description	Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards. Methods: Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures. Results: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.
format	article
author	Victoria Nadalin Cameron Mustard Peter M. Smith
author_facet	Victoria Nadalin Cameron Mustard Peter M. Smith
author_sort	Victoria Nadalin
title	The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
title_short	The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
title_full	The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
title_fullStr	The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
title_sort	impact of adverse employment and working conditions on the risk of workplace injury in canada
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d341
work_keys_str_mv	AT victorianadalin theimpactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada AT cameronmustard theimpactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada AT petermsmith theimpactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada AT victorianadalin impactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada AT cameronmustard impactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada AT petermsmith impactofadverseemploymentandworkingconditionsontheriskofworkplaceinjuryincanada
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The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada

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