Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased phoQ Expression, in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli

This study aimed to optimize the colistin-based antibacterial therapy to prevent antimicrobial resistance related to biofilm formation in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in chicken. Of all the bacterial isolates (n = 136), 69 were identified as APEC by...

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Autores principales:	Na-Hye Park, Seung-Jin Lee, Eon-Bee Lee, Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu, Seung-Chun Park
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antibacterial therapy colistin Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) antibiotic resistance biofilm formation Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4bcdfeaa9fdd4bfd8780259b86713754
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4bcdfeaa9fdd4bfd8780259b867137542021-11-25T18:38:57ZColistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>10.3390/pathogens101115252076-0817https://doaj.org/article/4bcdfeaa9fdd4bfd8780259b867137542021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1525https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817This study aimed to optimize the colistin-based antibacterial therapy to prevent antimicrobial resistance related to biofilm formation in avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) in chicken. Of all the bacterial isolates (<i>n</i> = 136), 69 were identified as APEC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Through a series of antibiotic susceptibility tests, susceptibility to colistin (<2 μg/mL) was confirmed in all isolates. Hence, a mutant selection window (MSW) was determined to obtain colistin-induced resistant bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin against the colistin-induced resistant APEC strains ranged from 8 to 16 μg/mL. To identify the inhibitory activity of colistin against the resistant strains, the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) was investigated for 72 h, and the single and multi-dose colistin activities were determined through the time-kill curve against APEC strains. Bacterial regrowth occurred after 12 h at a double MIC<sub>50</sub> concentration (1.00 μg/mL), and regrowth was not inhibited even during multiple exposures. However, upon exposure to 8 μg/mL—a concentration that was close to the MPC—the growth of APEC was inhibited, including in the resistant strains. Additionally, colistin-induced resistant strains showed a slower growth compared with the susceptible ones. Colistin-induced resistant APEC strains did not show colistin resistance gene (<i>mcr-1</i>). However, the expression of higher <i>mgrB</i> and <i>phoQ</i> levels was observed in the resistant strains. Furthermore, these strains showed increased formation of biofilm. Hence, the present study indicated that colistin could induce resistance through the increased formation of biofilm in APEC strains by enhancing the expression of <i>phoQ</i>.Na-Hye ParkSeung-Jin LeeEon-Bee LeeBiruk Tesfaye BirhanuSeung-Chun ParkMDPI AGarticleantibacterial therapycolistinAvian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC)antibiotic resistancebiofilm formationMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1525, p 1525 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibacterial therapy colistin Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) antibiotic resistance biofilm formation Medicine R
spellingShingle	antibacterial therapy colistin Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) antibiotic resistance biofilm formation Medicine R Na-Hye Park Seung-Jin Lee Eon-Bee Lee Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu Seung-Chun Park Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
description	This study aimed to optimize the colistin-based antibacterial therapy to prevent antimicrobial resistance related to biofilm formation in avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) in chicken. Of all the bacterial isolates (<i>n</i> = 136), 69 were identified as APEC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Through a series of antibiotic susceptibility tests, susceptibility to colistin (<2 μg/mL) was confirmed in all isolates. Hence, a mutant selection window (MSW) was determined to obtain colistin-induced resistant bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin against the colistin-induced resistant APEC strains ranged from 8 to 16 μg/mL. To identify the inhibitory activity of colistin against the resistant strains, the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) was investigated for 72 h, and the single and multi-dose colistin activities were determined through the time-kill curve against APEC strains. Bacterial regrowth occurred after 12 h at a double MIC<sub>50</sub> concentration (1.00 μg/mL), and regrowth was not inhibited even during multiple exposures. However, upon exposure to 8 μg/mL—a concentration that was close to the MPC—the growth of APEC was inhibited, including in the resistant strains. Additionally, colistin-induced resistant strains showed a slower growth compared with the susceptible ones. Colistin-induced resistant APEC strains did not show colistin resistance gene (<i>mcr-1</i>). However, the expression of higher <i>mgrB</i> and <i>phoQ</i> levels was observed in the resistant strains. Furthermore, these strains showed increased formation of biofilm. Hence, the present study indicated that colistin could induce resistance through the increased formation of biofilm in APEC strains by enhancing the expression of <i>phoQ</i>.
format	article
author	Na-Hye Park Seung-Jin Lee Eon-Bee Lee Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu Seung-Chun Park
author_facet	Na-Hye Park Seung-Jin Lee Eon-Bee Lee Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu Seung-Chun Park
author_sort	Na-Hye Park
title	Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
title_short	Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
title_full	Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
title_fullStr	Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
title_sort	colistin induces resistance through biofilm formation, via increased <i>phoq</i> expression, in avian pathogenic <i>escherichia coli</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4bcdfeaa9fdd4bfd8780259b86713754
work_keys_str_mv	AT nahyepark colistininducesresistancethroughbiofilmformationviaincreasediphoqiexpressioninavianpathogeniciescherichiacolii AT seungjinlee colistininducesresistancethroughbiofilmformationviaincreasediphoqiexpressioninavianpathogeniciescherichiacolii AT eonbeelee colistininducesresistancethroughbiofilmformationviaincreasediphoqiexpressioninavianpathogeniciescherichiacolii AT biruktesfayebirhanu colistininducesresistancethroughbiofilmformationviaincreasediphoqiexpressioninavianpathogeniciescherichiacolii AT seungchunpark colistininducesresistancethroughbiofilmformationviaincreasediphoqiexpressioninavianpathogeniciescherichiacolii
_version_	1718410831544188928

Colistin Induces Resistance through Biofilm Formation, via Increased <i>phoQ</i> Expression, in Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

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