Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are pathogenic fungi that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is a biophysical parameter that influences the adhesion of fungal cells or spores to biotic and abiotic surfaces. C. neoformans is encased b...

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Autores principales:	Raghav Vij, Carina Danchik, Conor Crawford, Quigly Dragotakes, Arturo Casadevall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus gattii Acanthamoeba castellanii capsular antibody polysaccharide capsule Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c0ca11a2dc249b1b9b38fcc4849e949
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c0ca11a2dc249b1b9b38fcc4849e9492021-11-15T15:29:16ZVariation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas10.1128/mSphere.00310-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/4c0ca11a2dc249b1b9b38fcc4849e9492020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00310-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are pathogenic fungi that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is a biophysical parameter that influences the adhesion of fungal cells or spores to biotic and abiotic surfaces. C. neoformans is encased by polysaccharide capsule that is highly hydrophilic and is a critical determinant of virulence. In this study, we report large differences in the CSH of some C. neoformans and C. gattii strains. The capsular polysaccharides of C. neoformans strains differ in repeating motifs and therefore vary in the number of hydroxyl groups, which, along with higher-order structure of the capsule, may contribute to the variation in hydrophobicity that we observed. We found that cell wall composition, in the context of chitin-chitosan content, does not influence CSH. For C. neoformans, CSH correlated with phagocytosis by natural soil predator Acanthamoeba castellanii. Furthermore, capsular binding of the protective antibody (18B7), but not the nonprotective antibody (13F1), altered the CSH of C. neoformans strains. Variability in CSH could be an important characteristic in comparing the biological properties of cryptococcal strains. IMPORTANCE The interaction of a microbial cell with its environment is influenced by the biophysical properties of a cell. The affinity of the cell surface for water, defined by the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), is a biophysical parameter that varies among different strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. The CSH influences the phagocytosis of the yeast by its natural predator in the soil, the amoeba. Studying variation in biophysical properties like CSH gives us insight into the dynamic host-predator interaction and host-pathogen interaction in a damage-response framework.Raghav VijCarina DanchikConor CrawfordQuigly DragotakesArturo CasadevallAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecell surface hydrophobicity (CSH)Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcus gattiiAcanthamoeba castellaniicapsular antibodypolysaccharide capsuleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus gattii Acanthamoeba castellanii capsular antibody polysaccharide capsule Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus gattii Acanthamoeba castellanii capsular antibody polysaccharide capsule Microbiology QR1-502 Raghav Vij Carina Danchik Conor Crawford Quigly Dragotakes Arturo Casadevall Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
description	ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are pathogenic fungi that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is a biophysical parameter that influences the adhesion of fungal cells or spores to biotic and abiotic surfaces. C. neoformans is encased by polysaccharide capsule that is highly hydrophilic and is a critical determinant of virulence. In this study, we report large differences in the CSH of some C. neoformans and C. gattii strains. The capsular polysaccharides of C. neoformans strains differ in repeating motifs and therefore vary in the number of hydroxyl groups, which, along with higher-order structure of the capsule, may contribute to the variation in hydrophobicity that we observed. We found that cell wall composition, in the context of chitin-chitosan content, does not influence CSH. For C. neoformans, CSH correlated with phagocytosis by natural soil predator Acanthamoeba castellanii. Furthermore, capsular binding of the protective antibody (18B7), but not the nonprotective antibody (13F1), altered the CSH of C. neoformans strains. Variability in CSH could be an important characteristic in comparing the biological properties of cryptococcal strains. IMPORTANCE The interaction of a microbial cell with its environment is influenced by the biophysical properties of a cell. The affinity of the cell surface for water, defined by the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), is a biophysical parameter that varies among different strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. The CSH influences the phagocytosis of the yeast by its natural predator in the soil, the amoeba. Studying variation in biophysical properties like CSH gives us insight into the dynamic host-predator interaction and host-pathogen interaction in a damage-response framework.
format	article
author	Raghav Vij Carina Danchik Conor Crawford Quigly Dragotakes Arturo Casadevall
author_facet	Raghav Vij Carina Danchik Conor Crawford Quigly Dragotakes Arturo Casadevall
author_sort	Raghav Vij
title	Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
title_short	Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
title_full	Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
title_fullStr	Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
title_full_unstemmed	Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas
title_sort	variation in cell surface hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> strains influences interactions with amoebas
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c0ca11a2dc249b1b9b38fcc4849e949
work_keys_str_mv	AT raghavvij variationincellsurfacehydrophobicityamongnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciescryptococcusneoformansnamedcontentstrainsinfluencesinteractionswithamoebas AT carinadanchik variationincellsurfacehydrophobicityamongnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciescryptococcusneoformansnamedcontentstrainsinfluencesinteractionswithamoebas AT conorcrawford variationincellsurfacehydrophobicityamongnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciescryptococcusneoformansnamedcontentstrainsinfluencesinteractionswithamoebas AT quiglydragotakes variationincellsurfacehydrophobicityamongnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciescryptococcusneoformansnamedcontentstrainsinfluencesinteractionswithamoebas AT arturocasadevall variationincellsurfacehydrophobicityamongnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciescryptococcusneoformansnamedcontentstrainsinfluencesinteractionswithamoebas
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Variation in Cell Surface Hydrophobicity among <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content> Strains Influences Interactions with Amoebas

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