Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes

The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically l...

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Autores principales:	Zhendi Liu, Qingfeng Li, Hanxian Fang, Ze Gao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	sporadic E longitudinal structure wind shear non-migrating tide wavenumber-4 (WN4) Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c2c3c9fb808436c9ac9f727d18b71ad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c2c3c9fb808436c9ac9f727d18b71ad2021-11-25T18:55:41ZLongitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes10.3390/rs132247142072-4292https://doaj.org/article/4c2c3c9fb808436c9ac9f727d18b71ad2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4714https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30°S–30°N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90°/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10–20°N and 5–15°S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. This and other similar features, such as the seasonal variation, eastward speed, and the symmetrical locations, support the dominant role of the DE3 tide for the formation of the WN4 structure.Zhendi LiuQingfeng LiHanxian FangZe GaoMDPI AGarticlesporadic Elongitudinal structurewind shearnon-migrating tidewavenumber-4 (WN4)ScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4714, p 4714 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sporadic E longitudinal structure wind shear non-migrating tide wavenumber-4 (WN4) Science Q
spellingShingle	sporadic E longitudinal structure wind shear non-migrating tide wavenumber-4 (WN4) Science Q Zhendi Liu Qingfeng Li Hanxian Fang Ze Gao Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
description	The longitudinal structure in the altitude of the Sporadic E (Es) was investigated for the first time based on the S4 index provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in low latitudes. The longitudinal structure is identified as a symmetrically located wavenumber-4 (WN4) pattern within 30°S–30°N. The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90°/day. The strongest WN4 appears within 10–20°N and 5–15°S in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. At the June solstice and the September equinox, the WN4 is stronger in the Northern hemisphere than in the Southern hemisphere, while the situation is reversed at the March equinox. The altitude distribution of the convergence null in the diurnal eastward non-migrating tide with zonal wavenumber-3 (DE3) for the zonal wind is similar to that of the WN4. This and other similar features, such as the seasonal variation, eastward speed, and the symmetrical locations, support the dominant role of the DE3 tide for the formation of the WN4 structure.
format	article
author	Zhendi Liu Qingfeng Li Hanxian Fang Ze Gao
author_facet	Zhendi Liu Qingfeng Li Hanxian Fang Ze Gao
author_sort	Zhendi Liu
title	Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
title_short	Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
title_full	Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
title_fullStr	Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
title_full_unstemmed	Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes
title_sort	longitudinal structure in the altitude of the sporadic e observed by cosmic in low-latitudes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c2c3c9fb808436c9ac9f727d18b71ad
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhendiliu longitudinalstructureinthealtitudeofthesporadiceobservedbycosmicinlowlatitudes AT qingfengli longitudinalstructureinthealtitudeofthesporadiceobservedbycosmicinlowlatitudes AT hanxianfang longitudinalstructureinthealtitudeofthesporadiceobservedbycosmicinlowlatitudes AT zegao longitudinalstructureinthealtitudeofthesporadiceobservedbycosmicinlowlatitudes
_version_	1718410522147160064

Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes

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