Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan
Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:4c3d4917601a460b969157ad1931ee282021-11-25T18:37:19ZAssociation between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan10.3390/nu131141692072-6643https://doaj.org/article/4c3d4917601a460b969157ad1931ee282021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4169https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children.Yosuke YamadaHiroyuki SagayamaJun YasukataAkiko UchizawaAya ItoiTsukasa YoshidaDaiki WatanabeYukako Hashii-ArishimaHisashi MitsuishiMakoto NishimuraMisaka KimuraYoshiko AokiMDPI AGarticlechildrendoubly labeled waterexerciseJapanprediction equationpreschoolNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4169, p 4169 (2021) |
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children doubly labeled water exercise Japan prediction equation preschool Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 |
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children doubly labeled water exercise Japan prediction equation preschool Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Jun Yasukata Akiko Uchizawa Aya Itoi Tsukasa Yoshida Daiki Watanabe Yukako Hashii-Arishima Hisashi Mitsuishi Makoto Nishimura Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| description |
Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Jun Yasukata Akiko Uchizawa Aya Itoi Tsukasa Yoshida Daiki Watanabe Yukako Hashii-Arishima Hisashi Mitsuishi Makoto Nishimura Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki |
| author_facet |
Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Jun Yasukata Akiko Uchizawa Aya Itoi Tsukasa Yoshida Daiki Watanabe Yukako Hashii-Arishima Hisashi Mitsuishi Makoto Nishimura Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki |
| author_sort |
Yosuke Yamada |
| title |
Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| title_short |
Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| title_full |
Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| title_fullStr |
Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
| title_sort |
association between water and energy requirements with physical activity and fat-free mass in preschool children in japan |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/4c3d4917601a460b969157ad1931ee28 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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