Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.

We explored the relationship between growth in tooth root length and the modern human extended period of childhood. Tooth roots provide support to counter chewing forces and so it is advantageous to grow roots quickly to allow teeth to erupt into function as early as possible. Growth in tooth root l...

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Autores principales:	M Christopher Dean, Tim J Cole
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c3e12bc5ea84535aec3cd6971a731c1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c3e12bc5ea84535aec3cd6971a731c12021-11-18T08:01:27ZHuman life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0054534https://doaj.org/article/4c3e12bc5ea84535aec3cd6971a731c12013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23342167/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We explored the relationship between growth in tooth root length and the modern human extended period of childhood. Tooth roots provide support to counter chewing forces and so it is advantageous to grow roots quickly to allow teeth to erupt into function as early as possible. Growth in tooth root length occurs with a characteristic spurt or peak in rate sometime between tooth crown completion and root apex closure. Here we show that in Pan troglodytes the peak in root growth rate coincides with the period of time teeth are erupting into function. However, the timing of peak root velocity in modern humans occurs earlier than expected and coincides better with estimates for tooth eruption times in Homo erectus. With more time to grow longer roots prior to eruption and smaller teeth that now require less support at the time they come into function, the root growth spurt no longer confers any advantage in modern humans. We suggest that a prolonged life history schedule eventually neutralised this adaptation some time after the appearance of Homo erectus. The root spurt persists in modern humans as an intrinsic marker event that shows selection operated, not primarily on tooth tissue growth, but on the process of tooth eruption. This demonstrates the overarching influence of life history evolution on several aspects of dental development. These new insights into tooth root growth now provide an additional line of enquiry that may contribute to future studies of more recent life history and dietary adaptations within the genus Homo.M Christopher DeanTim J ColePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e54534 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q M Christopher Dean Tim J Cole Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
description	We explored the relationship between growth in tooth root length and the modern human extended period of childhood. Tooth roots provide support to counter chewing forces and so it is advantageous to grow roots quickly to allow teeth to erupt into function as early as possible. Growth in tooth root length occurs with a characteristic spurt or peak in rate sometime between tooth crown completion and root apex closure. Here we show that in Pan troglodytes the peak in root growth rate coincides with the period of time teeth are erupting into function. However, the timing of peak root velocity in modern humans occurs earlier than expected and coincides better with estimates for tooth eruption times in Homo erectus. With more time to grow longer roots prior to eruption and smaller teeth that now require less support at the time they come into function, the root growth spurt no longer confers any advantage in modern humans. We suggest that a prolonged life history schedule eventually neutralised this adaptation some time after the appearance of Homo erectus. The root spurt persists in modern humans as an intrinsic marker event that shows selection operated, not primarily on tooth tissue growth, but on the process of tooth eruption. This demonstrates the overarching influence of life history evolution on several aspects of dental development. These new insights into tooth root growth now provide an additional line of enquiry that may contribute to future studies of more recent life history and dietary adaptations within the genus Homo.
format	article
author	M Christopher Dean Tim J Cole
author_facet	M Christopher Dean Tim J Cole
author_sort	M Christopher Dean
title	Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
title_short	Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
title_full	Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
title_fullStr	Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
title_full_unstemmed	Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
title_sort	human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c3e12bc5ea84535aec3cd6971a731c1
work_keys_str_mv	AT mchristopherdean humanlifehistoryevolutionexplainsdissociationbetweenthetimingoftootheruptionandpeakratesofrootgrowth AT timjcole humanlifehistoryevolutionexplainsdissociationbetweenthetimingoftootheruptionandpeakratesofrootgrowth
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Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth.

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