Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population

Heavy metals causing chronic nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study hypothesized that plasma folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> would modify the association of CKD with total urinary arsenic and blood lead and cadmium levels. We...

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Autores principales:	Yu-Mei Hsueh, Ya-Li Huang, Yuh-Feng Lin, Horng-Sheng Shiue, Ying-Chin Lin, Hsi-Hsien Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	vitamin B<sub>12</sub> folate cadmium lead arsenic chronic kidney disease Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c3e92ed054f40a7b562ddf258e1acc6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c3e92ed054f40a7b562ddf258e1acc62021-11-25T18:34:34ZPlasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population10.3390/nu131138412072-6643https://doaj.org/article/4c3e92ed054f40a7b562ddf258e1acc62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3841https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Heavy metals causing chronic nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study hypothesized that plasma folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> would modify the association of CKD with total urinary arsenic and blood lead and cadmium levels. We recruited 220 patients with CKD who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> for ≥3 consecutive months and 438 sex- and age-matched controls. We performed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure blood cadmium and lead levels. The urinary arsenic level was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography–hydride generator–atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and folate levels were measured through the SimulTRAC-SNB radioassay. Compared with patients with plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> ≤ 6.27 pg/mL, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of CKD for patients with plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> > 9.54 pg/mL was 2.02 (1.15–3.55). However, no association was observed between plasma folate concentration and CKD. A high level of plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> combined with high levels of blood lead and cadmium level and total urinary arsenic tended to increase the OR of CKD in a dose-response manner, but the interactions were nonsignificant. This is the first study to demonstrate that patients with high plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level exhibit increased OR of CKD related to high levels of blood cadmium and lead and total urinary arsenic.Yu-Mei HsuehYa-Li HuangYuh-Feng LinHorng-Sheng ShiueYing-Chin LinHsi-Hsien ChenMDPI AGarticlevitamin B<sub>12</sub>folatecadmiumleadarsenicchronic kidney diseaseNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3841, p 3841 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vitamin B<sub>12</sub> folate cadmium lead arsenic chronic kidney disease Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	vitamin B<sub>12</sub> folate cadmium lead arsenic chronic kidney disease Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Yu-Mei Hsueh Ya-Li Huang Yuh-Feng Lin Horng-Sheng Shiue Ying-Chin Lin Hsi-Hsien Chen Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
description	Heavy metals causing chronic nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study hypothesized that plasma folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> would modify the association of CKD with total urinary arsenic and blood lead and cadmium levels. We recruited 220 patients with CKD who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> for ≥3 consecutive months and 438 sex- and age-matched controls. We performed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure blood cadmium and lead levels. The urinary arsenic level was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography–hydride generator–atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and folate levels were measured through the SimulTRAC-SNB radioassay. Compared with patients with plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> ≤ 6.27 pg/mL, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of CKD for patients with plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> > 9.54 pg/mL was 2.02 (1.15–3.55). However, no association was observed between plasma folate concentration and CKD. A high level of plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> combined with high levels of blood lead and cadmium level and total urinary arsenic tended to increase the OR of CKD in a dose-response manner, but the interactions were nonsignificant. This is the first study to demonstrate that patients with high plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level exhibit increased OR of CKD related to high levels of blood cadmium and lead and total urinary arsenic.
format	article
author	Yu-Mei Hsueh Ya-Li Huang Yuh-Feng Lin Horng-Sheng Shiue Ying-Chin Lin Hsi-Hsien Chen
author_facet	Yu-Mei Hsueh Ya-Li Huang Yuh-Feng Lin Horng-Sheng Shiue Ying-Chin Lin Hsi-Hsien Chen
author_sort	Yu-Mei Hsueh
title	Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
title_short	Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
title_full	Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
title_fullStr	Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
title_full_unstemmed	Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population
title_sort	plasma vitamin b<sub>12</sub> and folate alter the association of blood lead and cadmium and total urinary arsenic levels with chronic kidney disease in a taiwanese population
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c3e92ed054f40a7b562ddf258e1acc6
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Plasma Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population

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