Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.

Many affective computing studies have developed automatic emotion recognition models, mostly using emotional images, audio and videos. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been also used as a method to elicit emotions in laboratory environments. However, there is still a need to analyse the val...

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Autores principales:	Javier Marín-Morales, Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo, Jaime Guixeres, Carmen Llinares, Mariano Alcañiz, Gaetano Valenza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c52cb43a41a473aa939808f8a290e1e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4c52cb43a41a473aa939808f8a290e1e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c52cb43a41a473aa939808f8a290e1e2021-12-02T20:09:43ZHeart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254098https://doaj.org/article/4c52cb43a41a473aa939808f8a290e1e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254098https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Many affective computing studies have developed automatic emotion recognition models, mostly using emotional images, audio and videos. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been also used as a method to elicit emotions in laboratory environments. However, there is still a need to analyse the validity of VR in order to extrapolate the results it produces and to assess the similarities and differences in physiological responses provoked by real and virtual environments. We investigated the cardiovascular oscillations of 60 participants during a free exploration of a real museum and its virtualisation viewed through a head-mounted display. The differences between the heart rate variability features in the high and low arousal stimuli conditions were analysed through statistical hypothesis testing; and automatic arousal recognition models were developed across the real and the virtual conditions using a support vector machine algorithm with recursive feature selection. The subjects' self-assessments suggested that both museums elicited low and high arousal levels. In addition, the real museum showed differences in terms of cardiovascular responses, differences in vagal activity, while arousal recognition reached 72.92% accuracy. However, we did not find the same arousal-based autonomic nervous system change pattern during the virtual museum exploration. The results showed that, while the direct virtualisation of a real environment might be self-reported as evoking psychological arousal, it does not necessarily evoke the same cardiovascular changes as a real arousing elicitation. These contribute to the understanding of the use of VR in emotion recognition research; future research is needed to study arousal and emotion elicitation in immersive VR.Javier Marín-MoralesJuan Luis Higuera-TrujilloJaime GuixeresCarmen LlinaresMariano AlcañizGaetano ValenzaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254098 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Javier Marín-Morales Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo Jaime Guixeres Carmen Llinares Mariano Alcañiz Gaetano Valenza Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
description	Many affective computing studies have developed automatic emotion recognition models, mostly using emotional images, audio and videos. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been also used as a method to elicit emotions in laboratory environments. However, there is still a need to analyse the validity of VR in order to extrapolate the results it produces and to assess the similarities and differences in physiological responses provoked by real and virtual environments. We investigated the cardiovascular oscillations of 60 participants during a free exploration of a real museum and its virtualisation viewed through a head-mounted display. The differences between the heart rate variability features in the high and low arousal stimuli conditions were analysed through statistical hypothesis testing; and automatic arousal recognition models were developed across the real and the virtual conditions using a support vector machine algorithm with recursive feature selection. The subjects' self-assessments suggested that both museums elicited low and high arousal levels. In addition, the real museum showed differences in terms of cardiovascular responses, differences in vagal activity, while arousal recognition reached 72.92% accuracy. However, we did not find the same arousal-based autonomic nervous system change pattern during the virtual museum exploration. The results showed that, while the direct virtualisation of a real environment might be self-reported as evoking psychological arousal, it does not necessarily evoke the same cardiovascular changes as a real arousing elicitation. These contribute to the understanding of the use of VR in emotion recognition research; future research is needed to study arousal and emotion elicitation in immersive VR.
format	article
author	Javier Marín-Morales Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo Jaime Guixeres Carmen Llinares Mariano Alcañiz Gaetano Valenza
author_facet	Javier Marín-Morales Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo Jaime Guixeres Carmen Llinares Mariano Alcañiz Gaetano Valenza
author_sort	Javier Marín-Morales
title	Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
title_short	Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
title_full	Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
title_fullStr	Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
title_full_unstemmed	Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.
title_sort	heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: comparing real and virtual scenarios.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c52cb43a41a473aa939808f8a290e1e
work_keys_str_mv	AT javiermarinmorales heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios AT juanluishigueratrujillo heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios AT jaimeguixeres heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios AT carmenllinares heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios AT marianoalcaniz heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios AT gaetanovalenza heartratevariabilityanalysisfortheassessmentofimmersiveemotionalarousalusingvirtualrealitycomparingrealandvirtualscenarios
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Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.

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