Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat

The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> (<i>LD</i>) in Tan lambs were investigated in the present s...

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Autores principales:	Bo Wang, Xingang Zhao, Zhen Li, Hailing Luo, Hao Zhang, Yanping Guo, Can Zhang, Qing Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lamb meat lipid metabolism fatty acids metabolites gene expression feeding system Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c63959ed8c7447cb988e85fe41da55f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c63959ed8c7447cb988e85fe41da55f2021-11-25T17:33:27ZChanges of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat10.3390/foods101126122304-8158https://doaj.org/article/4c63959ed8c7447cb988e85fe41da55f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2612https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> (<i>LD</i>) in Tan lambs were investigated in the present study. Thirty-nine 4-month-old male Tan lambs with similar body weight (24.91 ± 1.74 kg) were selected and divided into the three feeding systems (<i>n</i> = 13) randomly. Lambs were slaughtered after 83 days of the feeding trails, and <i>LD</i> muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that different feeding systems have no significant effect on short-chain fatty acids in Tan lambs (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the GSF and GF groups were lower than those in the SF group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in the GSF group were higher than those in the GF and SF groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, in the comparison of both GF vs GSF groups and SF vs GSF groups, metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as cis-(6,9,12)-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, acetylcarnitine, and L-carnitine with lower concentration were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate with higher concentrations were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the results indicated that in the comparison of the GSF group with the SF group, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as <i>LIPC</i>, <i>ERFE</i>, <i>FABP3</i>, <i>PLA2R1</i>, <i>LDLR</i>, and <i>SLC10A6</i>, were enriched in the steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, differential metabolites and genes showed a significant correlation with the content of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in lamb meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the feeding system was an important factor in regulating fatty acid content by affecting lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and gene expression in muscle, and graze-feeding system provided lamb meat with higher ∑PUFA content than time-limited-grazing and stall-feeding systems.Bo WangXingang ZhaoZhen LiHailing LuoHao ZhangYanping GuoCan ZhangQing MaMDPI AGarticlelamb meatlipid metabolismfatty acidsmetabolitesgene expressionfeeding systemChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2612, p 2612 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lamb meat lipid metabolism fatty acids metabolites gene expression feeding system Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	lamb meat lipid metabolism fatty acids metabolites gene expression feeding system Chemical technology TP1-1185 Bo Wang Xingang Zhao Zhen Li Hailing Luo Hao Zhang Yanping Guo Can Zhang Qing Ma Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
description	The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> (<i>LD</i>) in Tan lambs were investigated in the present study. Thirty-nine 4-month-old male Tan lambs with similar body weight (24.91 ± 1.74 kg) were selected and divided into the three feeding systems (<i>n</i> = 13) randomly. Lambs were slaughtered after 83 days of the feeding trails, and <i>LD</i> muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that different feeding systems have no significant effect on short-chain fatty acids in Tan lambs (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the GSF and GF groups were lower than those in the SF group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in the GSF group were higher than those in the GF and SF groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, in the comparison of both GF vs GSF groups and SF vs GSF groups, metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as cis-(6,9,12)-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, acetylcarnitine, and L-carnitine with lower concentration were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate with higher concentrations were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the results indicated that in the comparison of the GSF group with the SF group, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as <i>LIPC</i>, <i>ERFE</i>, <i>FABP3</i>, <i>PLA2R1</i>, <i>LDLR</i>, and <i>SLC10A6</i>, were enriched in the steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, differential metabolites and genes showed a significant correlation with the content of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in lamb meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the feeding system was an important factor in regulating fatty acid content by affecting lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and gene expression in muscle, and graze-feeding system provided lamb meat with higher ∑PUFA content than time-limited-grazing and stall-feeding systems.
format	article
author	Bo Wang Xingang Zhao Zhen Li Hailing Luo Hao Zhang Yanping Guo Can Zhang Qing Ma
author_facet	Bo Wang Xingang Zhao Zhen Li Hailing Luo Hao Zhang Yanping Guo Can Zhang Qing Ma
author_sort	Bo Wang
title	Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
title_short	Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
title_full	Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
title_fullStr	Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
title_full_unstemmed	Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat
title_sort	changes of metabolites and gene expression under different feeding systems associated with lipid metabolism in lamb meat
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c63959ed8c7447cb988e85fe41da55f
work_keys_str_mv	AT bowang changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT xingangzhao changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT zhenli changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT hailingluo changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT haozhang changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT yanpingguo changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT canzhang changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat AT qingma changesofmetabolitesandgeneexpressionunderdifferentfeedingsystemsassociatedwithlipidmetabolisminlambmeat
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Changes of Metabolites and Gene Expression under Different Feeding Systems Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Lamb Meat

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