Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves

The quality of tea product and the metabolism of quality-related compounds in young shoots are significantly affected by the nitrogen(N) supply. However, little is known of the metabolic changes that take place in tea roots and mature leaves under different supplies, which has a large effect on the...

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Autores principales:	Jianwei Liu, Meiya Liu, Hanhan Fang, Qunfeng Zhang, Jianyun Ruan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	nitrogen metabolomics amino acid tea root flavonoid tea quality Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c6499710f754fe9ba5fa982c7d459d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c6499710f754fe9ba5fa982c7d459d92021-11-18T05:48:30ZAccumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.756433https://doaj.org/article/4c6499710f754fe9ba5fa982c7d459d92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756433/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XThe quality of tea product and the metabolism of quality-related compounds in young shoots are significantly affected by the nitrogen(N) supply. However, little is known of the metabolic changes that take place in tea roots and mature leaves under different supplies, which has a large effect on the accumulation of quality-related compounds in young shoots. In this study, young shoots, mature leaves, and roots under different N conditions were subjected to metabolite profiling using gas chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The contents of free amino acids (e.g., theanine and glutamate) involved in N metabolism were significantly greater under high N than under low N, while a high N supply reduced soluble sugars (e.g., glucose) in all three tissues. Organic acids (e.g., malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutatare, and succinate) involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle remarkably increased as the nitrogen supply increased, which confirms that carbon (C) allocation was restricted by increasing the nitrogen supply, especially in mature leaves. RT-PCR results indicated that gene expression related to nitrogen assimilation significantly increased in roots with increasing nitrogen supply, which had a significant positive relationship with the level of free amino acids in young shoots. In addition, the expression of most genes involved in flavonoid synthesis was significantly upregulated under conditions of low nitrogen supply relative to high nitrogen supply in young shoot and roots. These data suggest that enhanced assimilation of N in tea roots and the coordinated regulation of C (sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids) and N(amino acids) in mature leaves can lead to a high accumulation of amino acids in young shoots. Furthermore, as the N supply increased, more C was partitioned into compounds containing N in mature leaves and roots, resulting in a decrease in flavonoids in young shoots. In conclusion, the accumulation of amino acids and flavonoids in young tea shoots is highly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in roots and mature leaves.Jianwei LiuJianwei LiuMeiya LiuHanhan FangQunfeng ZhangJianyun RuanFrontiers Media S.A.articlenitrogenmetabolomicsamino acidtea rootflavonoidtea qualityPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitrogen metabolomics amino acid tea root flavonoid tea quality Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	nitrogen metabolomics amino acid tea root flavonoid tea quality Plant culture SB1-1110 Jianwei Liu Jianwei Liu Meiya Liu Hanhan Fang Qunfeng Zhang Jianyun Ruan Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
description	The quality of tea product and the metabolism of quality-related compounds in young shoots are significantly affected by the nitrogen(N) supply. However, little is known of the metabolic changes that take place in tea roots and mature leaves under different supplies, which has a large effect on the accumulation of quality-related compounds in young shoots. In this study, young shoots, mature leaves, and roots under different N conditions were subjected to metabolite profiling using gas chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The contents of free amino acids (e.g., theanine and glutamate) involved in N metabolism were significantly greater under high N than under low N, while a high N supply reduced soluble sugars (e.g., glucose) in all three tissues. Organic acids (e.g., malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutatare, and succinate) involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle remarkably increased as the nitrogen supply increased, which confirms that carbon (C) allocation was restricted by increasing the nitrogen supply, especially in mature leaves. RT-PCR results indicated that gene expression related to nitrogen assimilation significantly increased in roots with increasing nitrogen supply, which had a significant positive relationship with the level of free amino acids in young shoots. In addition, the expression of most genes involved in flavonoid synthesis was significantly upregulated under conditions of low nitrogen supply relative to high nitrogen supply in young shoot and roots. These data suggest that enhanced assimilation of N in tea roots and the coordinated regulation of C (sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids) and N(amino acids) in mature leaves can lead to a high accumulation of amino acids in young shoots. Furthermore, as the N supply increased, more C was partitioned into compounds containing N in mature leaves and roots, resulting in a decrease in flavonoids in young shoots. In conclusion, the accumulation of amino acids and flavonoids in young tea shoots is highly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in roots and mature leaves.
format	article
author	Jianwei Liu Jianwei Liu Meiya Liu Hanhan Fang Qunfeng Zhang Jianyun Ruan
author_facet	Jianwei Liu Jianwei Liu Meiya Liu Hanhan Fang Qunfeng Zhang Jianyun Ruan
author_sort	Jianwei Liu
title	Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
title_short	Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
title_full	Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
title_fullStr	Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
title_full_unstemmed	Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves
title_sort	accumulation of amino acids and flavonoids in young tea shoots is highly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in roots and mature leaves
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c6499710f754fe9ba5fa982c7d459d9
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Accumulation of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Young Tea Shoots Is Highly Correlated With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Mature Leaves

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