The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth

Objective: We examined the association of prospectively assessed harsh parenting during adolescence with body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood among African American youth. We also assessed the role of methylation of obesity-related genes and gene expression markers of obesity as mediators of thi...

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Autores principales:	Man-Kit Lei, Steven R. H. Beach, Ronald L. Simons, Kaixiong Ye
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	harsh parenting body mass index risky family model obesity-related DNA methylation gene expression of obesity mediating pathway Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4c8fe3f287024194b5c321fae6396e50
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4c8fe3f287024194b5c321fae6396e502021-11-05T09:22:07ZThe Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth2297-055X10.3389/fcvm.2021.755458https://doaj.org/article/4c8fe3f287024194b5c321fae6396e502021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.755458/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-055XObjective: We examined the association of prospectively assessed harsh parenting during adolescence with body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood among African American youth. We also assessed the role of methylation of obesity-related genes and gene expression markers of obesity as mediators of this association, providing a pathway for the biological embedding of early harsh parenting and its long-term impact on young adult health.Methods: Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 362 African American youth for whom harsh parenting was assessed at ages 10–15, BMI was assessed at age 10 and 29, and both DNA methylation (DNAm) and gene expression of obesity genes were assessed at age 29. Mediational analyses were conducted using bootstrap methods to generate confidence intervals.Results: Controlling for genetic risk for obesity and health-related covariates, harsh parenting across childhood and adolescence was associated with change in BMI (Δ BMI) from ages 10–29. In addition, we found that the indirect effect of harsh parenting on Δ BMI was mediated through obesity-related DNAm and accounted for 45.3% of the total effect. Further, obesity-related DNAm mediated the effect of harsh parenting on gene expression of obesity-related genes (GEOG), and GEOG, in turn, mediated the impact of obesity-related DNAm on ΔBMI. This pathway accounted for 3.4% of the total effect. There were no gender differences in the magnitude of this indirect effect.Conclusions: The results suggest that alterations in methylation and gene expression mediate the impact of harsh parenting on change in obesity from childhood to young adulthood, illustrating plausible biological pathways from harsh parenting to obesity and bolstering the hypothesis that harsh parenting in childhood and adolescence can become biologically embedded and contribute to obesity.Man-Kit LeiSteven R. H. BeachRonald L. SimonsKaixiong YeFrontiers Media S.A.articleharsh parentingbody mass indexrisky family modelobesity-related DNA methylationgene expression of obesitymediating pathwayDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemRC666-701ENFrontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	harsh parenting body mass index risky family model obesity-related DNA methylation gene expression of obesity mediating pathway Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701
spellingShingle	harsh parenting body mass index risky family model obesity-related DNA methylation gene expression of obesity mediating pathway Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701 Man-Kit Lei Steven R. H. Beach Ronald L. Simons Kaixiong Ye The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
description	Objective: We examined the association of prospectively assessed harsh parenting during adolescence with body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood among African American youth. We also assessed the role of methylation of obesity-related genes and gene expression markers of obesity as mediators of this association, providing a pathway for the biological embedding of early harsh parenting and its long-term impact on young adult health.Methods: Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 362 African American youth for whom harsh parenting was assessed at ages 10–15, BMI was assessed at age 10 and 29, and both DNA methylation (DNAm) and gene expression of obesity genes were assessed at age 29. Mediational analyses were conducted using bootstrap methods to generate confidence intervals.Results: Controlling for genetic risk for obesity and health-related covariates, harsh parenting across childhood and adolescence was associated with change in BMI (Δ BMI) from ages 10–29. In addition, we found that the indirect effect of harsh parenting on Δ BMI was mediated through obesity-related DNAm and accounted for 45.3% of the total effect. Further, obesity-related DNAm mediated the effect of harsh parenting on gene expression of obesity-related genes (GEOG), and GEOG, in turn, mediated the impact of obesity-related DNAm on ΔBMI. This pathway accounted for 3.4% of the total effect. There were no gender differences in the magnitude of this indirect effect.Conclusions: The results suggest that alterations in methylation and gene expression mediate the impact of harsh parenting on change in obesity from childhood to young adulthood, illustrating plausible biological pathways from harsh parenting to obesity and bolstering the hypothesis that harsh parenting in childhood and adolescence can become biologically embedded and contribute to obesity.
format	article
author	Man-Kit Lei Steven R. H. Beach Ronald L. Simons Kaixiong Ye
author_facet	Man-Kit Lei Steven R. H. Beach Ronald L. Simons Kaixiong Ye
author_sort	Man-Kit Lei
title	The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
title_short	The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
title_full	The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
title_fullStr	The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth
title_sort	impact of harsh parenting on the development of obesity in adulthood: an examination of epigenetic/gene expression mediators among african american youth
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4c8fe3f287024194b5c321fae6396e50
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The Impact of Harsh Parenting on the Development of Obesity in Adulthood: An Examination of Epigenetic/Gene Expression Mediators Among African American Youth

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