Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea

This study evaluates the application of eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from dogbane leaf-tea (DLT). The results showed DESs with lower viscosity allowed an efficient extraction of significantly higher contents of total phenolics or flavonoids. A...

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Autores principales:	Ruimin Wang, Weimin Zhang, Ruiping He, Wu Li, Lu Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Dogbane leaf-tea phenolic compounds deep eutectic solvents ultrasonic-assisted extraction response surface methodology antioxidant activity Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cac0331d8e64f7c9b1957ed6e6a49e9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cac0331d8e64f7c9b1957ed6e6a49e92021-11-25T17:32:03ZCustomized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea10.3390/foods101125272304-8158https://doaj.org/article/4cac0331d8e64f7c9b1957ed6e6a49e92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2527https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158This study evaluates the application of eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from dogbane leaf-tea (DLT). The results showed DESs with lower viscosity allowed an efficient extraction of significantly higher contents of total phenolics or flavonoids. An innovative and high-efficient solvent, choline chloride-levulinic acid (ChCl-LevA), was screened and used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from DLT. According to full factorial design experimental results, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and anti-<i>α</i>-glucosidase activity (<i>α</i>-GIA) of the DLT extracts were simultaneously optimized by response surface methodology. Sonication temperature and water content in ChCl-LevA were found to be the major factors affecting the TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and <i>α</i>-GIA of DLT extracts. Under the optimum parameters (water content in ChCl-LevA was 45%, sonication temperature was 50 °C, and extraction time was 30 min), the measured results for all the responses were obtained as follows: TPC-91.38 ± 7.20 mg GAE/g DW, TFC-84.12 ± 3.47 mg RE/g DW, ABTS<sup>+</sup>-492 ± 7.33 mmol TE/g DW, FRAP-6235 ± 121 μmol Fe(II)/g DW and <i>α</i>-GIA-230 ± 7.59 mmol AE/g DW, which were consistent with the predicted values. In addition, strongly significant positive correlations were observed between TPC/TFC and bio-activities of the DLT extracts. HPLC results indicated high contents of (-)-epigallocatechin (4272 ± 84.86 μg/g DW), catechin (5268 ± 24.53 μg/g DW), isoquercitrin (3500 ± 86.07 μg/g DW), kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside (3717 ± 97.71 μg/g DW), and protocatechuic acid (644 ± 1.65 μg/g DW) were observed in the DLT extracts. In contrast to other extraction methods, ChCl-LevA-based UAE yielded higher TPC, TFC, individual phenolic contents, stronger antioxidant activity, and <i>α</i>-GIA. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis further confirmed that ChCl-LevA-based UAE enhanced the disruption of cell wall structure, thereby making more phenolic antioxidants released from DLT. In short, ChCl-LevA-based UAE was confirmed to be an innovative and high-efficient method for extraction of phenolic antioxidants from DLT. Dogbane leaves can be considered as a good tea source rich in natural antioxidants.Ruimin WangWeimin ZhangRuiping HeWu LiLu WangMDPI AGarticleDogbane leaf-teaphenolic compoundsdeep eutectic solventsultrasonic-assisted extractionresponse surface methodologyantioxidant activityChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2527, p 2527 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Dogbane leaf-tea phenolic compounds deep eutectic solvents ultrasonic-assisted extraction response surface methodology antioxidant activity Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	Dogbane leaf-tea phenolic compounds deep eutectic solvents ultrasonic-assisted extraction response surface methodology antioxidant activity Chemical technology TP1-1185 Ruimin Wang Weimin Zhang Ruiping He Wu Li Lu Wang Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
description	This study evaluates the application of eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from dogbane leaf-tea (DLT). The results showed DESs with lower viscosity allowed an efficient extraction of significantly higher contents of total phenolics or flavonoids. An innovative and high-efficient solvent, choline chloride-levulinic acid (ChCl-LevA), was screened and used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from DLT. According to full factorial design experimental results, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and anti-<i>α</i>-glucosidase activity (<i>α</i>-GIA) of the DLT extracts were simultaneously optimized by response surface methodology. Sonication temperature and water content in ChCl-LevA were found to be the major factors affecting the TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and <i>α</i>-GIA of DLT extracts. Under the optimum parameters (water content in ChCl-LevA was 45%, sonication temperature was 50 °C, and extraction time was 30 min), the measured results for all the responses were obtained as follows: TPC-91.38 ± 7.20 mg GAE/g DW, TFC-84.12 ± 3.47 mg RE/g DW, ABTS<sup>+</sup>-492 ± 7.33 mmol TE/g DW, FRAP-6235 ± 121 μmol Fe(II)/g DW and <i>α</i>-GIA-230 ± 7.59 mmol AE/g DW, which were consistent with the predicted values. In addition, strongly significant positive correlations were observed between TPC/TFC and bio-activities of the DLT extracts. HPLC results indicated high contents of (-)-epigallocatechin (4272 ± 84.86 μg/g DW), catechin (5268 ± 24.53 μg/g DW), isoquercitrin (3500 ± 86.07 μg/g DW), kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside (3717 ± 97.71 μg/g DW), and protocatechuic acid (644 ± 1.65 μg/g DW) were observed in the DLT extracts. In contrast to other extraction methods, ChCl-LevA-based UAE yielded higher TPC, TFC, individual phenolic contents, stronger antioxidant activity, and <i>α</i>-GIA. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis further confirmed that ChCl-LevA-based UAE enhanced the disruption of cell wall structure, thereby making more phenolic antioxidants released from DLT. In short, ChCl-LevA-based UAE was confirmed to be an innovative and high-efficient method for extraction of phenolic antioxidants from DLT. Dogbane leaves can be considered as a good tea source rich in natural antioxidants.
format	article
author	Ruimin Wang Weimin Zhang Ruiping He Wu Li Lu Wang
author_facet	Ruimin Wang Weimin Zhang Ruiping He Wu Li Lu Wang
author_sort	Ruimin Wang
title	Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
title_short	Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
title_full	Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
title_fullStr	Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
title_full_unstemmed	Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
title_sort	customized deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for ultrasonic-assisted enhanced extraction of phenolic antioxidants from dogbane leaf-tea
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cac0331d8e64f7c9b1957ed6e6a49e9
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Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea

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