Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of envi...

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Autores principales:	Nazish Iftikhar, Imran Hashmi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	antibiotic biochemical analysis fish toxicity hematology respiratory burst activity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cad4341cc204c9ca66e9b98e0c602af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cad4341cc204c9ca66e9b98e0c602af2021-11-06T05:46:06ZAssessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)1477-89201996-782910.2166/wh.2020.183https://doaj.org/article/4cad4341cc204c9ca66e9b98e0c602af2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/1/108https://doaj.org/toc/1477-8920https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7829Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L of SMX for 28 days. Cytotoxicity through hematology and biochemistry showed a dose–response relationship. Numerous variations were recorded in blood profile and biochemical parameters in SMX-exposed groups when compared to control. Hemoglobin, platelet, and erythrocyte levels were significantly decreased. Leukocyte level was significantly increased with values ranging from 131 to 303 (×103/μL). Changes in biochemical indices: glucose, total protein, and triglycerides showed biphasic trend, but alanine transaminase secretion was significantly increased from 25.13 to 204 U/L at higher concentration compared to control, suggesting liver damage. Spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay showed that respiratory burst activity increased as a function of SMX dose and exposure time (0.48–1.33 absorbance) ultimately leading to reduction in immunity. The present study highlights that prolonged exposure of SMX affects biochemistry, hematology, and immunohematology of fish and these biomarkers act as an effective tool for environmental risk assessment of drugs in the aquatic environment.Nazish IftikharImran HashmiIWA Publishingarticleantibioticbiochemical analysisfish toxicityhematologyrespiratory burst activityPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 108-119 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibiotic biochemical analysis fish toxicity hematology respiratory burst activity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	antibiotic biochemical analysis fish toxicity hematology respiratory burst activity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Nazish Iftikhar Imran Hashmi Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
description	Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L of SMX for 28 days. Cytotoxicity through hematology and biochemistry showed a dose–response relationship. Numerous variations were recorded in blood profile and biochemical parameters in SMX-exposed groups when compared to control. Hemoglobin, platelet, and erythrocyte levels were significantly decreased. Leukocyte level was significantly increased with values ranging from 131 to 303 (×103/μL). Changes in biochemical indices: glucose, total protein, and triglycerides showed biphasic trend, but alanine transaminase secretion was significantly increased from 25.13 to 204 U/L at higher concentration compared to control, suggesting liver damage. Spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay showed that respiratory burst activity increased as a function of SMX dose and exposure time (0.48–1.33 absorbance) ultimately leading to reduction in immunity. The present study highlights that prolonged exposure of SMX affects biochemistry, hematology, and immunohematology of fish and these biomarkers act as an effective tool for environmental risk assessment of drugs in the aquatic environment.
format	article
author	Nazish Iftikhar Imran Hashmi
author_facet	Nazish Iftikhar Imran Hashmi
author_sort	Nazish Iftikhar
title	Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
title_short	Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
title_full	Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
title_fullStr	Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
title_sort	assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (smx)
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cad4341cc204c9ca66e9b98e0c602af
work_keys_str_mv	AT nazishiftikhar assessmentofimmunohematologicalhematologicalandbiochemicalresponsesincultivablefishcyprinuscarpioexposedtoanantibioticsulfamethoxazolesmx AT imranhashmi assessmentofimmunohematologicalhematologicalandbiochemicalresponsesincultivablefishcyprinuscarpioexposedtoanantibioticsulfamethoxazolesmx
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Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

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