Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses

There are various types of skin immune responses including inflammatory skin diseases and skin malignancy. Macrophages and fibroblasts are skin resident cells that had been overlooked in terms of immunological research targets. In this review, cross talk among macrophages, fibroblasts, and migratory...

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Autor principal:	Makoto Sugaya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Open Exploration Publishing Inc. 2021
Materias:	macrophages fibroblasts atopic dermatitis contact hypersensitivity psoriasis systemic sclerosis melanoma cutaneous t-cell lymphoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cc1ba4f878e4853ba309d423d3571a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cc1ba4f878e4853ba309d423d3571a92021-11-24T06:19:37ZMacrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses10.37349/ei.2021.000152768-6655https://doaj.org/article/4cc1ba4f878e4853ba309d423d3571a92021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/100315https://doaj.org/toc/2768-6655There are various types of skin immune responses including inflammatory skin diseases and skin malignancy. Macrophages and fibroblasts are skin resident cells that had been overlooked in terms of immunological research targets. In this review, cross talk among macrophages, fibroblasts, and migratory immune cells in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), contact hypersensitivity, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is described. Macrophages are important in AD by antigen-presenting phagocytosis, production of inflammatory cytokines, removal of apoptotic cells, and mediating clusters between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. They are also increased in lesional skin of psoriasis, especially in stable plaques, and an increased ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages are essential for development of psoriasis. The progression of skin malignancy is mediated by macrophages through promotion of tumor survival pathways via expression of cytokines and growth factors, interaction with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and suppression of function of tumor-infiltrating T cells by immunosuppressive cytokines and programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1. Fibroblasts play important roles in development and maintenance of AD lesions through expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL)17, CCL11, CCL26, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)12, CCL19, and periostin, interacting with T helper (Th)2 cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, DCs, and keratinocytes. They also play important roles in psoriasis, expressing interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor, production of fibronectin, and changes in the proteomic profiles. Fibroblasts have a critical role in the progression skin malignancy via expression of cytokines, suppression natural killer (NK) functions, and establishment of Th2-dominant microenvironment. Thus, cross talk among macrophages, fibroblasts, and migratory immune cells including T cells, DCs, and NK cells in skin diseases is important and those skin-resident cells are attracting therapeutic targets in the near future.Makoto SugayaOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.articlemacrophagesfibroblastsatopic dermatitiscontact hypersensitivitypsoriasissystemic sclerosismelanomacutaneous t-cell lymphomaImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENExploration of Immunology, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 226-242 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	macrophages fibroblasts atopic dermatitis contact hypersensitivity psoriasis systemic sclerosis melanoma cutaneous t-cell lymphoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	macrophages fibroblasts atopic dermatitis contact hypersensitivity psoriasis systemic sclerosis melanoma cutaneous t-cell lymphoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Makoto Sugaya Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
description	There are various types of skin immune responses including inflammatory skin diseases and skin malignancy. Macrophages and fibroblasts are skin resident cells that had been overlooked in terms of immunological research targets. In this review, cross talk among macrophages, fibroblasts, and migratory immune cells in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), contact hypersensitivity, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is described. Macrophages are important in AD by antigen-presenting phagocytosis, production of inflammatory cytokines, removal of apoptotic cells, and mediating clusters between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. They are also increased in lesional skin of psoriasis, especially in stable plaques, and an increased ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages are essential for development of psoriasis. The progression of skin malignancy is mediated by macrophages through promotion of tumor survival pathways via expression of cytokines and growth factors, interaction with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and suppression of function of tumor-infiltrating T cells by immunosuppressive cytokines and programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1. Fibroblasts play important roles in development and maintenance of AD lesions through expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL)17, CCL11, CCL26, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)12, CCL19, and periostin, interacting with T helper (Th)2 cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, DCs, and keratinocytes. They also play important roles in psoriasis, expressing interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor, production of fibronectin, and changes in the proteomic profiles. Fibroblasts have a critical role in the progression skin malignancy via expression of cytokines, suppression natural killer (NK) functions, and establishment of Th2-dominant microenvironment. Thus, cross talk among macrophages, fibroblasts, and migratory immune cells including T cells, DCs, and NK cells in skin diseases is important and those skin-resident cells are attracting therapeutic targets in the near future.
format	article
author	Makoto Sugaya
author_facet	Makoto Sugaya
author_sort	Makoto Sugaya
title	Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
title_short	Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
title_full	Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
title_fullStr	Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
title_full_unstemmed	Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
title_sort	macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
publisher	Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cc1ba4f878e4853ba309d423d3571a9
work_keys_str_mv	AT makotosugaya macrophagesandfibroblastsunderpinskinimmuneresponses
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Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses

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