Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content

The need for exploring nonfood low-cost sustainable sources for biodiesel production is ever increasing. Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses in biodiesel production. This study explores <i>S. elongata</i> as a new algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel...

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Autores principales:	Aasma Saeed, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Asma Hanif, Umer Rashid, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan Majeed, Bryan R. Moser, Ali Alsalme
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Spirogyra elongate</i> biodiesel GCMS oil cetane number fatty acid methyl esters Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cdb34a864c948c88ba978d78006bc49
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cdb34a864c948c88ba978d78006bc492021-11-25T19:03:57ZProduction of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content10.3390/su1322127372071-1050https://doaj.org/article/4cdb34a864c948c88ba978d78006bc492021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12737https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The need for exploring nonfood low-cost sustainable sources for biodiesel production is ever increasing. Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses in biodiesel production. This study explores <i>S. elongata</i> as a new algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel that does not compete with food production. The major fatty acids identified in <i>S. elongata</i> oil were oleic (30.5%), lauric (29.9%), myristic (17.0%), and palmitic (14.2%) acids. Transesterification to FAME was conducted using basic (KOH), acidic (HCl), and Zeolitic catalysts for assessment. The yields with acidic (54.6%) and zeolitic (72.7%) catalysts were unremarkable during initial screening. The highest biodiesel yield (99.9%) was achieved using KOH, which was obtained with the optimum reaction conditions of 1.0% catalyst, 60 °C, 4 h, and an oil-to-methanol volume ratio of 1:4. The resulting <i>S. elongata</i> oil methyl esters exhibited densities, CNs, and IVs, that were within the ranges specified in the American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) biodiesel standards, where applicable. In addition, the high SVs and the moderately high CPs and PPs were attributed to the presence of large quantities of short-chain and saturated FAME, respectively. Overall, the composition and properties of FAME prepared from <i>S. elongaae</i> oil indicate that <i>S. elongata</i> is suitable as an alternative algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel.Aasma SaeedMuhammad Asif HanifAsma HanifUmer RashidJaved IqbalMuhammad Irfan MajeedBryan R. MoserAli AlsalmeMDPI AGarticle<i>Spirogyra elongate</i>biodieselGCMSoilcetane numberfatty acid methyl estersEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12737, p 12737 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Spirogyra elongate</i> biodiesel GCMS oil cetane number fatty acid methyl esters Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	<i>Spirogyra elongate</i> biodiesel GCMS oil cetane number fatty acid methyl esters Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Aasma Saeed Muhammad Asif Hanif Asma Hanif Umer Rashid Javed Iqbal Muhammad Irfan Majeed Bryan R. Moser Ali Alsalme Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
description	The need for exploring nonfood low-cost sustainable sources for biodiesel production is ever increasing. Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses in biodiesel production. This study explores <i>S. elongata</i> as a new algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel that does not compete with food production. The major fatty acids identified in <i>S. elongata</i> oil were oleic (30.5%), lauric (29.9%), myristic (17.0%), and palmitic (14.2%) acids. Transesterification to FAME was conducted using basic (KOH), acidic (HCl), and Zeolitic catalysts for assessment. The yields with acidic (54.6%) and zeolitic (72.7%) catalysts were unremarkable during initial screening. The highest biodiesel yield (99.9%) was achieved using KOH, which was obtained with the optimum reaction conditions of 1.0% catalyst, 60 °C, 4 h, and an oil-to-methanol volume ratio of 1:4. The resulting <i>S. elongata</i> oil methyl esters exhibited densities, CNs, and IVs, that were within the ranges specified in the American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) biodiesel standards, where applicable. In addition, the high SVs and the moderately high CPs and PPs were attributed to the presence of large quantities of short-chain and saturated FAME, respectively. Overall, the composition and properties of FAME prepared from <i>S. elongaae</i> oil indicate that <i>S. elongata</i> is suitable as an alternative algal feedstock for the production of biodiesel.
format	article
author	Aasma Saeed Muhammad Asif Hanif Asma Hanif Umer Rashid Javed Iqbal Muhammad Irfan Majeed Bryan R. Moser Ali Alsalme
author_facet	Aasma Saeed Muhammad Asif Hanif Asma Hanif Umer Rashid Javed Iqbal Muhammad Irfan Majeed Bryan R. Moser Ali Alsalme
author_sort	Aasma Saeed
title	Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
title_short	Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
title_full	Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
title_fullStr	Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
title_full_unstemmed	Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content
title_sort	production of biodiesel from <i>spirogyra elongata</i>, a common freshwater green algae with high oil content
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cdb34a864c948c88ba978d78006bc49
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Production of Biodiesel from <i>Spirogyra elongata</i>, a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content

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