RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.

<h4>Background</h4>One of the goals of plant breeding is to create crops to provide better nutrition for humans and livestock. Insufficient intake of protein is one of the most severe factors affecting the growth and development of children in developing countries. More than a century ag...

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Autores principales:	Yongrui Wu, Joachim Messing
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cf270cae25f44be94591ccfa3708600
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cf270cae25f44be94591ccfa37086002021-11-18T07:26:20ZRNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032850https://doaj.org/article/4cf270cae25f44be94591ccfa37086002012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22393455/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>One of the goals of plant breeding is to create crops to provide better nutrition for humans and livestock. Insufficient intake of protein is one of the most severe factors affecting the growth and development of children in developing countries. More than a century ago, in 1896, Hopkins initiated the well-known Illinois long-term selection for maize seed protein concentration, yielding four protein strains. By continuously accumulating QTLs, Illinois High Protein (IHP) reached a protein level 2.5-fold higher than normal maize, with the most increased fraction being the zein protein, which was shown to contain no lysine soon after the long-term selection program initiated. Therefore, IHP is of little value for feeding humans and monogastric animals. Although high-lysine lines of non-vitreous mutants were based on reduced zeins, the kernel soft texture precluded their practical use. Kernel hardness in opaque 2 (o2) could be restored in quality protein maize (QPM) with quantitative trait loci called o2 modifiers (Mo2s), but those did not increase total protein levels.<h4>Methods</h4>The most predominant zeins are the 22- and 19-kDa α-zeins. To achieve a combination of desired traits, we used RNA interference (RNAi) against both α-zeins in IHP and evaluated the silencing effect by SDS-PAGE. Total protein, amino acid composition and kernel texture were analyzed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The α-zeins were dramatically reduced, but the high total seed protein level remained unchanged by complementary increase of non-zein proteins. Moreover, the residual zein levels still allowed for a vitreous hard seed. Such dramatic rebalancing of the nitrogen sink could have a major impact in world food supply.Yongrui WuJoachim MessingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e32850 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yongrui Wu Joachim Messing RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
description	<h4>Background</h4>One of the goals of plant breeding is to create crops to provide better nutrition for humans and livestock. Insufficient intake of protein is one of the most severe factors affecting the growth and development of children in developing countries. More than a century ago, in 1896, Hopkins initiated the well-known Illinois long-term selection for maize seed protein concentration, yielding four protein strains. By continuously accumulating QTLs, Illinois High Protein (IHP) reached a protein level 2.5-fold higher than normal maize, with the most increased fraction being the zein protein, which was shown to contain no lysine soon after the long-term selection program initiated. Therefore, IHP is of little value for feeding humans and monogastric animals. Although high-lysine lines of non-vitreous mutants were based on reduced zeins, the kernel soft texture precluded their practical use. Kernel hardness in opaque 2 (o2) could be restored in quality protein maize (QPM) with quantitative trait loci called o2 modifiers (Mo2s), but those did not increase total protein levels.<h4>Methods</h4>The most predominant zeins are the 22- and 19-kDa α-zeins. To achieve a combination of desired traits, we used RNA interference (RNAi) against both α-zeins in IHP and evaluated the silencing effect by SDS-PAGE. Total protein, amino acid composition and kernel texture were analyzed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The α-zeins were dramatically reduced, but the high total seed protein level remained unchanged by complementary increase of non-zein proteins. Moreover, the residual zein levels still allowed for a vitreous hard seed. Such dramatic rebalancing of the nitrogen sink could have a major impact in world food supply.
format	article
author	Yongrui Wu Joachim Messing
author_facet	Yongrui Wu Joachim Messing
author_sort	Yongrui Wu
title	RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
title_short	RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
title_full	RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
title_fullStr	RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
title_full_unstemmed	RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
title_sort	rna interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cf270cae25f44be94591ccfa3708600
work_keys_str_mv	AT yongruiwu rnainterferencecanrebalancethenitrogensinkofmaizeseedswithoutlosinghardendosperm AT joachimmessing rnainterferencecanrebalancethenitrogensinkofmaizeseedswithoutlosinghardendosperm
_version_	1718423472999235584

RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.

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