Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms

Background There is a need for objective biomarkers of sports-related concussion that are unaffected by physical and cognitive exertion. Electroencephalography-based biomarkers such as steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been proposed as one such biomarker. The aim of this study wa...

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Autores principales:	Sophia Salazar, Femi Oyewole, Ted Obi, Rebecca Baron, Dylan Mahony, Anna Kropelnicki, Adrian Cohen, David Putrino, Adam Fry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4cf517083bce47c0a076137d414fb0b0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4cf517083bce47c0a076137d414fb0b02021-11-11T22:33:23ZSteady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms2059-700210.1177/20597002211055346https://doaj.org/article/4cf517083bce47c0a076137d414fb0b02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/20597002211055346https://doaj.org/toc/2059-7002Background There is a need for objective biomarkers of sports-related concussion that are unaffected by physical and cognitive exertion. Electroencephalography-based biomarkers such as steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been proposed as one such biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical exertion on SSVEP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Methods This study involved two experiments. The first experiment was performed in a controlled laboratory environment and involved a treadmill run designed to induce physical fatigue and a Stroop task designed to induce mental fatigue, completed in a randomized order on two separate visits. SSVEPs were evoked using a 15-Hz strobe using a Nurochek headset before and after each task. Changes in the 15-Hz SSVEP SNR and self-reported fatigue (visual analog scales) were assessed. In the second experiment, SSVEP SNR was measured before and after real-world boxing matches. Paired t-tests compared pre- and post-task SSVEP SNR and fatigue scores. Results Eighteen participants were recruited for experiment 1. Following the treadmill run, participants reported higher physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and overall fatigue ( p ≤ 0.005; d ≥ 0.90). Following the Stroop task, participants reported higher mental fatigue and overall fatigue ( p < 0.001; d ≥ 1.16), but not physical fatigue. SSVEP SNR scores were unchanged following either the Stroop task ( p = 0.059) or the treadmill task ( p = 0.590). Seven participants were recruited for experiment 2. SSVEP SNR scores were unchanged following the boxing matches ( p = 0.967). Conclusions The results of both experiments demonstrate that SSVEP SNR scores were not different following the treadmill run, Stroop task or amateur boxing match. These findings provide preliminary evidence that SSVEP fidelity may not be significantly affected by physical and cognitive exertion paradigms.Sophia SalazarFemi OyewoleTed ObiRebecca BaronDylan MahonyAnna KropelnickiAdrian CohenDavid PutrinoAdam FrySAGE PublishingarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Sports medicineRC1200-1245ENJournal of Concussion, Vol 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Sophia Salazar Femi Oyewole Ted Obi Rebecca Baron Dylan Mahony Anna Kropelnicki Adrian Cohen David Putrino Adam Fry Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
description	Background There is a need for objective biomarkers of sports-related concussion that are unaffected by physical and cognitive exertion. Electroencephalography-based biomarkers such as steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been proposed as one such biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical exertion on SSVEP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Methods This study involved two experiments. The first experiment was performed in a controlled laboratory environment and involved a treadmill run designed to induce physical fatigue and a Stroop task designed to induce mental fatigue, completed in a randomized order on two separate visits. SSVEPs were evoked using a 15-Hz strobe using a Nurochek headset before and after each task. Changes in the 15-Hz SSVEP SNR and self-reported fatigue (visual analog scales) were assessed. In the second experiment, SSVEP SNR was measured before and after real-world boxing matches. Paired t-tests compared pre- and post-task SSVEP SNR and fatigue scores. Results Eighteen participants were recruited for experiment 1. Following the treadmill run, participants reported higher physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and overall fatigue ( p ≤ 0.005; d ≥ 0.90). Following the Stroop task, participants reported higher mental fatigue and overall fatigue ( p < 0.001; d ≥ 1.16), but not physical fatigue. SSVEP SNR scores were unchanged following either the Stroop task ( p = 0.059) or the treadmill task ( p = 0.590). Seven participants were recruited for experiment 2. SSVEP SNR scores were unchanged following the boxing matches ( p = 0.967). Conclusions The results of both experiments demonstrate that SSVEP SNR scores were not different following the treadmill run, Stroop task or amateur boxing match. These findings provide preliminary evidence that SSVEP fidelity may not be significantly affected by physical and cognitive exertion paradigms.
format	article
author	Sophia Salazar Femi Oyewole Ted Obi Rebecca Baron Dylan Mahony Anna Kropelnicki Adrian Cohen David Putrino Adam Fry
author_facet	Sophia Salazar Femi Oyewole Ted Obi Rebecca Baron Dylan Mahony Anna Kropelnicki Adrian Cohen David Putrino Adam Fry
author_sort	Sophia Salazar
title	Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
title_short	Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
title_full	Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
title_fullStr	Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
title_full_unstemmed	Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
title_sort	steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4cf517083bce47c0a076137d414fb0b0
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_version_	1718431345195089920

Steady-state visual evoked potentials are unchanged following physical and cognitive exertion paradigms

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