Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite

Iopromide (IOP), an iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ICM), is identified as a precursor to iodide disinfection byproducts that have high genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to mammals. ICM remains persistent through typical wastewater treatment processes and even through some hydroxyl radical-based advanc...

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Autores principales:	Yingtan Yu, Ying Lyu, Ting Zhang, Lin Liu, Bing Fan, Jian Wang, Chaoxing Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	iodinated X-ray contrast medium FeS advanced oxidation processes sulfate radicals Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d0b1cb12f7544bea764436ba459d08c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d0b1cb12f7544bea764436ba459d08c2021-11-11T18:31:01ZEfficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite10.3390/molecules262165271420-3049https://doaj.org/article/4d0b1cb12f7544bea764436ba459d08c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6527https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Iopromide (IOP), an iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ICM), is identified as a precursor to iodide disinfection byproducts that have high genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to mammals. ICM remains persistent through typical wastewater treatment processes and even through some hydroxyl radical-based advanced oxidation processes. The development of new technologies to remove ICMs is needed. In this work, mackinawite (FeS)-activated sulfite autoxidation was employed for the degradation of IOP-containing water. The experiment was performed in a 500 mL self-made temperature-controlled reactor with online monitoring pH and dissolved oxygen in the laboratory. The effects of various parameters, such as initial pH values, sulfite dosages, FeS dosages, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic anions on the performance of the treatment process have been investigated. Eighty percent of IOP could be degraded in 15 min with 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> FeS, 400 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> sulfite at pH 8, and high efficiency on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) was achieved, which is 71.8% via a reaction for 1 h. The generated hydroxyl and oxysulfur radicals, which contributed to the oxidation process, were identified through radical quenching experiments. The dissolved oxygen was essential for the degradation of IOP. The presence of Cl<sup>−</sup> could facilitate IOP degradation, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> could inhibit the degradation process. The reaction pathway involving H-abstraction and oxidative decarboxylation was proposed, based on product identification. The current system shows good applicability for the degradation of IOP and may help in developing a new approach for the treatment of ICM-containing water.Yingtan YuYing LyuTing ZhangLin LiuBing FanJian WangChaoxing ZhangMDPI AGarticleiodinated X-ray contrast mediumFeSadvanced oxidation processessulfate radicalsOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6527, p 6527 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	iodinated X-ray contrast medium FeS advanced oxidation processes sulfate radicals Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	iodinated X-ray contrast medium FeS advanced oxidation processes sulfate radicals Organic chemistry QD241-441 Yingtan Yu Ying Lyu Ting Zhang Lin Liu Bing Fan Jian Wang Chaoxing Zhang Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
description	Iopromide (IOP), an iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ICM), is identified as a precursor to iodide disinfection byproducts that have high genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to mammals. ICM remains persistent through typical wastewater treatment processes and even through some hydroxyl radical-based advanced oxidation processes. The development of new technologies to remove ICMs is needed. In this work, mackinawite (FeS)-activated sulfite autoxidation was employed for the degradation of IOP-containing water. The experiment was performed in a 500 mL self-made temperature-controlled reactor with online monitoring pH and dissolved oxygen in the laboratory. The effects of various parameters, such as initial pH values, sulfite dosages, FeS dosages, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic anions on the performance of the treatment process have been investigated. Eighty percent of IOP could be degraded in 15 min with 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> FeS, 400 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> sulfite at pH 8, and high efficiency on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) was achieved, which is 71.8% via a reaction for 1 h. The generated hydroxyl and oxysulfur radicals, which contributed to the oxidation process, were identified through radical quenching experiments. The dissolved oxygen was essential for the degradation of IOP. The presence of Cl<sup>−</sup> could facilitate IOP degradation, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> could inhibit the degradation process. The reaction pathway involving H-abstraction and oxidative decarboxylation was proposed, based on product identification. The current system shows good applicability for the degradation of IOP and may help in developing a new approach for the treatment of ICM-containing water.
format	article
author	Yingtan Yu Ying Lyu Ting Zhang Lin Liu Bing Fan Jian Wang Chaoxing Zhang
author_facet	Yingtan Yu Ying Lyu Ting Zhang Lin Liu Bing Fan Jian Wang Chaoxing Zhang
author_sort	Yingtan Yu
title	Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
title_short	Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
title_full	Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
title_fullStr	Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
title_full_unstemmed	Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite
title_sort	efficient degradation of iopromide by using sulfite activated with mackinawite
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d0b1cb12f7544bea764436ba459d08c
work_keys_str_mv	AT yingtanyu efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT yinglyu efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT tingzhang efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT linliu efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT bingfan efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT jianwang efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite AT chaoxingzhang efficientdegradationofiopromidebyusingsulfiteactivatedwithmackinawite
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Efficient Degradation of Iopromide by Using Sulfite Activated with Mackinawite

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