Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion

ABSTRACT The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae causes disease in a wide range of plants. The associated decrease in crop yields results in economic losses and threatens global food security. Competition exists between the plant immune system and the pathogen, the basic principles of whic...

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Autores principales:	Christoph Engl, Christopher J. Waite, Joseph F. McKenna, Mark H. Bennett, Thorsten Hamann, Martin Buck
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d26a775511f47048e99d7d297d64b69
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d26a775511f47048e99d7d297d64b692021-11-15T15:47:38ZChp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion10.1128/mBio.01168-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/4d26a775511f47048e99d7d297d64b692014-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01168-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae causes disease in a wide range of plants. The associated decrease in crop yields results in economic losses and threatens global food security. Competition exists between the plant immune system and the pathogen, the basic principles of which can be applied to animal infection pathways. P. syringae uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence factors into the plant that promote survival of the bacterium. The P. syringae T3SS is a product of the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) and hypersensitive response and conserved (hrc) gene cluster, which is strictly controlled by the codependent enhancer-binding proteins HrpR and HrpS. Through a combination of bacterial gene regulation and phenotypic studies, plant infection assays, and plant hormone quantifications, we now report that Chp8 (i) is embedded in the Hrp regulon and expressed in response to plant signals and HrpRS, (ii) is a functional diguanylate cyclase, (iii) decreases the expression of the major pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin and increases extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and (iv) impacts the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid hormonal immune response and disease progression. We propose that Chp8 expression dampens PAMP-triggered immunity during early plant infection. IMPORTANCE The global demand for food is projected to rise by 50% by 2030 and, as such, represents one of the major challenges of the 21st century, requiring improved crop management. Diseases caused by plant pathogens decrease crop yields, result in significant economic losses, and threaten global food security. Gaining mechanistic insights into the events at the plant-pathogen interface and employing this knowledge to make crops more resilient is one important strategy for improving crop management. Plant-pathogen interactions are characterized by the sophisticated interplay between plant immunity elicited upon pathogen recognition and immune evasion by the pathogen. Here, we identify Chp8 as a contributor to the major effort of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to evade immune responses of the plant.Christoph EnglChristopher J. WaiteJoseph F. McKennaMark H. BennettThorsten HamannMartin BuckAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Christoph Engl Christopher J. Waite Joseph F. McKenna Mark H. Bennett Thorsten Hamann Martin Buck Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
description	ABSTRACT The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae causes disease in a wide range of plants. The associated decrease in crop yields results in economic losses and threatens global food security. Competition exists between the plant immune system and the pathogen, the basic principles of which can be applied to animal infection pathways. P. syringae uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence factors into the plant that promote survival of the bacterium. The P. syringae T3SS is a product of the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) and hypersensitive response and conserved (hrc) gene cluster, which is strictly controlled by the codependent enhancer-binding proteins HrpR and HrpS. Through a combination of bacterial gene regulation and phenotypic studies, plant infection assays, and plant hormone quantifications, we now report that Chp8 (i) is embedded in the Hrp regulon and expressed in response to plant signals and HrpRS, (ii) is a functional diguanylate cyclase, (iii) decreases the expression of the major pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin and increases extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and (iv) impacts the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid hormonal immune response and disease progression. We propose that Chp8 expression dampens PAMP-triggered immunity during early plant infection. IMPORTANCE The global demand for food is projected to rise by 50% by 2030 and, as such, represents one of the major challenges of the 21st century, requiring improved crop management. Diseases caused by plant pathogens decrease crop yields, result in significant economic losses, and threaten global food security. Gaining mechanistic insights into the events at the plant-pathogen interface and employing this knowledge to make crops more resilient is one important strategy for improving crop management. Plant-pathogen interactions are characterized by the sophisticated interplay between plant immunity elicited upon pathogen recognition and immune evasion by the pathogen. Here, we identify Chp8 as a contributor to the major effort of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to evade immune responses of the plant.
format	article
author	Christoph Engl Christopher J. Waite Joseph F. McKenna Mark H. Bennett Thorsten Hamann Martin Buck
author_facet	Christoph Engl Christopher J. Waite Joseph F. McKenna Mark H. Bennett Thorsten Hamann Martin Buck
author_sort	Christoph Engl
title	Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
title_short	Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
title_full	Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
title_fullStr	Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
title_full_unstemmed	Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion
title_sort	chp8, a diguanylate cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. tomato dc3000, suppresses the pathogen-associated molecular pattern flagellin, increases extracellular polysaccharides, and promotes plant immune evasion
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d26a775511f47048e99d7d297d64b69
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Chp8, a Diguanylate Cyclase from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas syringae</named-content> pv. Tomato DC3000, Suppresses the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Flagellin, Increases Extracellular Polysaccharides, and Promotes Plant Immune Evasion

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