3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers

The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Flashner, Kelley S. Yan, Hiroshi Nakagawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3D organoids esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Barrett’s esophagus microbiome dysbiosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d54caed2a3a4029b7bd59d588f1884c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d54caed2a3a4029b7bd59d588f1884c2021-11-25T18:24:02Z3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers10.3390/microorganisms91121822076-2607https://doaj.org/article/4d54caed2a3a4029b7bd59d588f1884c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2182https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host–microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host–microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.Samuel FlashnerKelley S. YanHiroshi NakagawaMDPI AGarticle3D organoidsesophageal adenocarcinomaesophageal squamous cell carcinomaBarrett’s esophagusmicrobiomedysbiosisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2182, p 2182 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D organoids esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Barrett’s esophagus microbiome dysbiosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	3D organoids esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Barrett’s esophagus microbiome dysbiosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Samuel Flashner Kelley S. Yan Hiroshi Nakagawa 3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
description	The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host–microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host–microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.
format	article
author	Samuel Flashner Kelley S. Yan Hiroshi Nakagawa
author_facet	Samuel Flashner Kelley S. Yan Hiroshi Nakagawa
author_sort	Samuel Flashner
title	3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
title_short	3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
title_full	3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
title_fullStr	3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
title_full_unstemmed	3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers
title_sort	3d organoids: an untapped platform for studying host–microbiome interactions in esophageal cancers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d54caed2a3a4029b7bd59d588f1884c
work_keys_str_mv	AT samuelflashner 3dorganoidsanuntappedplatformforstudyinghostmicrobiomeinteractionsinesophagealcancers AT kelleysyan 3dorganoidsanuntappedplatformforstudyinghostmicrobiomeinteractionsinesophagealcancers AT hiroshinakagawa 3dorganoidsanuntappedplatformforstudyinghostmicrobiomeinteractionsinesophagealcancers
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3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers

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