Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms

Abstract Acanthamoeba spp. can cause amoebic keratitis (AK). Chlorhexidine is effective for AK treatment as monotherapy, but with a relative failure on drug bioavailability in the deep corneal stroma. The combination of chlorhexidine and propamidine isethionate is recommended in the current AK treat...

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Autores principales:	Suthinee Sangkanu, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Wilawan Mahabusarakam, Tajudeen O. Jimoh, Polrat Wilairatana, Ana Paula Girol, Ajoy K. Verma, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Christophe Wiart, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Polydor Ngoy Mutombo, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d58150d1b4048b7903ed15d78ec3b6d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d58150d1b4048b7903ed15d78ec3b6d2021-12-02T14:31:01ZAnti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms10.1038/s41598-021-87381-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4d58150d1b4048b7903ed15d78ec3b6d2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87381-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Acanthamoeba spp. can cause amoebic keratitis (AK). Chlorhexidine is effective for AK treatment as monotherapy, but with a relative failure on drug bioavailability in the deep corneal stroma. The combination of chlorhexidine and propamidine isethionate is recommended in the current AK treatment. However, the effectiveness of treatment depends on the parasite and virulence strains. This study aims to determine the potential of Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract and α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis, as well as the combination with chlorhexidine in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and α-mangostin were assessed in trophozoites with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, for cysts with 4 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC of the extract and α-mangostin inhibited the growth of A. triangularis trophozoites and cysts for up to 72 h. The extract and α-mangostin combined with chlorhexidine demonstrated good synergism, resulting in a reduction of 1/4–1/16 of the MIC. The SEM results showed that Acanthamoeba cells treated with a single drug and its combination caused damage to the cell membrane and irregular cell shapes. A good combination displayed by the extract or α-mangostin and chlorhexidine, described for the first time. Therefore, this approach is promising as an alternative method for the management of Acanthamoeba infection in the future.Suthinee SangkanuWatcharapong MitsuwanWilawan MahabusarakamTajudeen O. JimohPolrat WilairatanaAna Paula GirolAjoy K. VermaMaria de Lourdes PereiraMohammed RahmatullahChristophe WiartAbolghasem SiyadatpanahRoghayeh NorouziPolydor Ngoy MutomboVeeranoot NissapatornNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Suthinee Sangkanu Watcharapong Mitsuwan Wilawan Mahabusarakam Tajudeen O. Jimoh Polrat Wilairatana Ana Paula Girol Ajoy K. Verma Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah Christophe Wiart Abolghasem Siyadatpanah Roghayeh Norouzi Polydor Ngoy Mutombo Veeranoot Nissapatorn Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
description	Abstract Acanthamoeba spp. can cause amoebic keratitis (AK). Chlorhexidine is effective for AK treatment as monotherapy, but with a relative failure on drug bioavailability in the deep corneal stroma. The combination of chlorhexidine and propamidine isethionate is recommended in the current AK treatment. However, the effectiveness of treatment depends on the parasite and virulence strains. This study aims to determine the potential of Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract and α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis, as well as the combination with chlorhexidine in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and α-mangostin were assessed in trophozoites with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, for cysts with 4 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC of the extract and α-mangostin inhibited the growth of A. triangularis trophozoites and cysts for up to 72 h. The extract and α-mangostin combined with chlorhexidine demonstrated good synergism, resulting in a reduction of 1/4–1/16 of the MIC. The SEM results showed that Acanthamoeba cells treated with a single drug and its combination caused damage to the cell membrane and irregular cell shapes. A good combination displayed by the extract or α-mangostin and chlorhexidine, described for the first time. Therefore, this approach is promising as an alternative method for the management of Acanthamoeba infection in the future.
format	article
author	Suthinee Sangkanu Watcharapong Mitsuwan Wilawan Mahabusarakam Tajudeen O. Jimoh Polrat Wilairatana Ana Paula Girol Ajoy K. Verma Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah Christophe Wiart Abolghasem Siyadatpanah Roghayeh Norouzi Polydor Ngoy Mutombo Veeranoot Nissapatorn
author_facet	Suthinee Sangkanu Watcharapong Mitsuwan Wilawan Mahabusarakam Tajudeen O. Jimoh Polrat Wilairatana Ana Paula Girol Ajoy K. Verma Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah Christophe Wiart Abolghasem Siyadatpanah Roghayeh Norouzi Polydor Ngoy Mutombo Veeranoot Nissapatorn
author_sort	Suthinee Sangkanu
title	Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
title_short	Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
title_full	Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
title_fullStr	Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
title_full_unstemmed	Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
title_sort	anti-acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d58150d1b4048b7903ed15d78ec3b6d
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Anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α-mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms

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