Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds

The optimization of collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering goes through the careful selection of the crosslinking method(s), which should impart the prerequisite mechanical and degradation properties without impairing the cell/tissue response. Here, we investigated the chemically effective...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Luca Salvatore, Emanuela Calò, Valentina Bonfrate, Deborah Pedone, Nunzia Gallo, Maria Lucia Natali, Alessandro Sannino, Marta Madaghiele
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Collagen Scaffold Crosslinking Crosslink density Degradation Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d5fdf4c4a904498891f3d40a954f6ea
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:4d5fdf4c4a904498891f3d40a954f6ea
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d5fdf4c4a904498891f3d40a954f6ea2021-11-24T04:25:15ZExploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds0142-941810.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106966https://doaj.org/article/4d5fdf4c4a904498891f3d40a954f6ea2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941820321954https://doaj.org/toc/0142-9418The optimization of collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering goes through the careful selection of the crosslinking method(s), which should impart the prerequisite mechanical and degradation properties without impairing the cell/tissue response. Here, we investigated the chemically effective (ρxch) and the elastically effective (ρxel) crosslink density of collagen-based scaffolds, induced by various crosslinking methods. The aim was to get a deeper insight into the influence of intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinks on several scaffold properties. Freeze-dried collagen matrices were crosslinked via a dehydrothermal treatment (DHT), and then treated with different chemical agents, including carbodiimide (EDC), glutaraldehyde (GTA), formaldehyde (FA), genipin (GP) and dimethyl suberimidate (DMS). Quantification of primary amines and stress-relaxation compressive tests were performed to evaluate ρxch and ρxel, respectively. Scaffolds were then assessed for their water uptake, thermal stability and in vitro resistance to enzymatic degradation. Interestingly, for the various crosslinking treatments ρxch was found to increase in the order DHT < DHT + GP < DHT + DMS < DHT + GTA < DHT + FA < DHT + EDC, while ρxel increased according to this slightly different trend: DHT < DHT + GP < DHT + DMS < DHT + EDC < DHT + GTA < DHT + FA. Indeed, treatment DHT + EDC induced a higher ρxch but a lower ρxel than aldehyde-based ones. This finding, together with the higher denaturation temperature (Td) of EDC-treated samples compared to others, suggested that zero-length EDC crosslinking promoted intramolecular crosslinks, along with intermolecular ones. Accordingly, the increase of Td was correlated with the increase of ρxch rather than ρxel, whereas the decrease in water uptake was consistent with the increase of ρxel, as expected. An exponential relationship between ρxel and the in vitro half-life was also determined.Luca SalvatoreEmanuela CalòValentina BonfrateDeborah PedoneNunzia GalloMaria Lucia NataliAlessandro SanninoMarta MadaghieleElsevierarticleCollagenScaffoldCrosslinkingCrosslink densityDegradationPolymers and polymer manufactureTP1080-1185ENPolymer Testing, Vol 93, Iss , Pp 106966- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Collagen Scaffold Crosslinking Crosslink density Degradation Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185
spellingShingle	Collagen Scaffold Crosslinking Crosslink density Degradation Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185 Luca Salvatore Emanuela Calò Valentina Bonfrate Deborah Pedone Nunzia Gallo Maria Lucia Natali Alessandro Sannino Marta Madaghiele Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
description	The optimization of collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering goes through the careful selection of the crosslinking method(s), which should impart the prerequisite mechanical and degradation properties without impairing the cell/tissue response. Here, we investigated the chemically effective (ρxch) and the elastically effective (ρxel) crosslink density of collagen-based scaffolds, induced by various crosslinking methods. The aim was to get a deeper insight into the influence of intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinks on several scaffold properties. Freeze-dried collagen matrices were crosslinked via a dehydrothermal treatment (DHT), and then treated with different chemical agents, including carbodiimide (EDC), glutaraldehyde (GTA), formaldehyde (FA), genipin (GP) and dimethyl suberimidate (DMS). Quantification of primary amines and stress-relaxation compressive tests were performed to evaluate ρxch and ρxel, respectively. Scaffolds were then assessed for their water uptake, thermal stability and in vitro resistance to enzymatic degradation. Interestingly, for the various crosslinking treatments ρxch was found to increase in the order DHT < DHT + GP < DHT + DMS < DHT + GTA < DHT + FA < DHT + EDC, while ρxel increased according to this slightly different trend: DHT < DHT + GP < DHT + DMS < DHT + EDC < DHT + GTA < DHT + FA. Indeed, treatment DHT + EDC induced a higher ρxch but a lower ρxel than aldehyde-based ones. This finding, together with the higher denaturation temperature (Td) of EDC-treated samples compared to others, suggested that zero-length EDC crosslinking promoted intramolecular crosslinks, along with intermolecular ones. Accordingly, the increase of Td was correlated with the increase of ρxch rather than ρxel, whereas the decrease in water uptake was consistent with the increase of ρxel, as expected. An exponential relationship between ρxel and the in vitro half-life was also determined.
format	article
author	Luca Salvatore Emanuela Calò Valentina Bonfrate Deborah Pedone Nunzia Gallo Maria Lucia Natali Alessandro Sannino Marta Madaghiele
author_facet	Luca Salvatore Emanuela Calò Valentina Bonfrate Deborah Pedone Nunzia Gallo Maria Lucia Natali Alessandro Sannino Marta Madaghiele
author_sort	Luca Salvatore
title	Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
title_short	Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
title_full	Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
title_fullStr	Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
title_sort	exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d5fdf4c4a904498891f3d40a954f6ea
work_keys_str_mv	AT lucasalvatore exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT emanuelacalo exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT valentinabonfrate exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT deborahpedone exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT nunziagallo exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT marialucianatali exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT alessandrosannino exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds AT martamadaghiele exploringtheeffectsofthecrosslinkdensityonthephysicochemicalpropertiesofcollagenbasedscaffolds
_version_	1718415973951733760

Exploring the effects of the crosslink density on the physicochemical properties of collagen-based scaffolds

Ejemplares similares