The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures represent an enormous burden on mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, and resilience over the course of the pandemic and to examine the associations between r...

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Autores principales:	Franziska Tutzer, Beatrice Frajo-Apor, Silvia Pardeller, Barbara Plattner, Anna Chernova, Christian Haring, Bernhard Holzner, Georg Kemmler, Josef Marksteiner, Carl Miller, Martin Schmidt, Barbara Sperner-Unterweger, Alex Hofer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress loneliness boredom resilience Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d6eac2f614a407ead8a71a89915d187
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d6eac2f614a407ead8a71a89915d1872021-11-12T05:07:09ZThe Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.777527https://doaj.org/article/4d6eac2f614a407ead8a71a89915d1872021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.777527/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures represent an enormous burden on mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, and resilience over the course of the pandemic and to examine the associations between resilience and extraversion at baseline (summer 2020) and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at 5-month-follow-up.Methods: Residents of Tyrol (≥18a) completed an online survey on psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, resilience, and extraversion by using the Brief-Symptom-Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form (MSBS-SF), the Resilience Scale, and the Extraversion subscale of the Big Five Inventory.Results: Of the 961 baseline participants, 384 took part in the follow-up survey. The percentage of study participants with striking psychological distress remained the same. Similarly, resilience did not change from baseline to follow-up, whereas the number of those experiencing moderate loneliness increased significantly. In contrast, at follow-up, severe loneliness was detected in significantly less people. Boredom decreased significantly over time. A moderate negative association was detected between baseline resilience and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at follow-up, and a weak but still significant negative association between extraversion and these outcomes.Discussion: These findings indicate that a subset of the general population consistently suffers from high levels of psychological distress and point to the protective effects of resilience and extraversion in this context. They reemphasize the importance of prevention and mitigation strategies to address these public health problems.Franziska TutzerBeatrice Frajo-AporSilvia PardellerBarbara PlattnerAnna ChernovaChristian HaringBernhard HolznerGeorg KemmlerJosef MarksteinerCarl MillerMartin SchmidtBarbara Sperner-UnterwegerAlex HoferFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19pandemicpsychological distresslonelinessboredomresiliencePsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress loneliness boredom resilience Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress loneliness boredom resilience Psychiatry RC435-571 Franziska Tutzer Beatrice Frajo-Apor Silvia Pardeller Barbara Plattner Anna Chernova Christian Haring Bernhard Holzner Georg Kemmler Josef Marksteiner Carl Miller Martin Schmidt Barbara Sperner-Unterweger Alex Hofer The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
description	Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures represent an enormous burden on mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, and resilience over the course of the pandemic and to examine the associations between resilience and extraversion at baseline (summer 2020) and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at 5-month-follow-up.Methods: Residents of Tyrol (≥18a) completed an online survey on psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, resilience, and extraversion by using the Brief-Symptom-Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form (MSBS-SF), the Resilience Scale, and the Extraversion subscale of the Big Five Inventory.Results: Of the 961 baseline participants, 384 took part in the follow-up survey. The percentage of study participants with striking psychological distress remained the same. Similarly, resilience did not change from baseline to follow-up, whereas the number of those experiencing moderate loneliness increased significantly. In contrast, at follow-up, severe loneliness was detected in significantly less people. Boredom decreased significantly over time. A moderate negative association was detected between baseline resilience and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at follow-up, and a weak but still significant negative association between extraversion and these outcomes.Discussion: These findings indicate that a subset of the general population consistently suffers from high levels of psychological distress and point to the protective effects of resilience and extraversion in this context. They reemphasize the importance of prevention and mitigation strategies to address these public health problems.
format	article
author	Franziska Tutzer Beatrice Frajo-Apor Silvia Pardeller Barbara Plattner Anna Chernova Christian Haring Bernhard Holzner Georg Kemmler Josef Marksteiner Carl Miller Martin Schmidt Barbara Sperner-Unterweger Alex Hofer
author_facet	Franziska Tutzer Beatrice Frajo-Apor Silvia Pardeller Barbara Plattner Anna Chernova Christian Haring Bernhard Holzner Georg Kemmler Josef Marksteiner Carl Miller Martin Schmidt Barbara Sperner-Unterweger Alex Hofer
author_sort	Franziska Tutzer
title	The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
title_short	The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
title_full	The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
title_fullStr	The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria
title_sort	impact of resilience and extraversion on psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom during the covid-19 pandemic: a follow-up study among the general population of tyrol, austria
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d6eac2f614a407ead8a71a89915d187
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The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria

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