The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Introduction Imbalances of various electrolytes, including calcium, are associated with the prognosis of Covid disease. This study investigated the relationship between serum calcium and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Method This study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis...

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Autores principales:	Effat Alemzadeh, Esmat Alemzadeh, Masood Ziaee, Ali Abedi, Hamid Salehiniya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	calcium COVID‐19 hypocalcemia SARS‐CoV‐2 systematic review Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4d7107da13f749f9a5b029edb528280b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4d7107da13f749f9a5b029edb528280b2021-11-12T19:57:14ZThe effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis2050-452710.1002/iid3.528https://doaj.org/article/4d7107da13f749f9a5b029edb528280b2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.528https://doaj.org/toc/2050-4527Abstract Introduction Imbalances of various electrolytes, including calcium, are associated with the prognosis of Covid disease. This study investigated the relationship between serum calcium and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Method This study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis by searching PubMed, Scopus, web of sciences until August 2021 using the keywords COVID‐19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), COVID, coronavirus disease, SARS‐COV‐infection. 2, SARS‐COV‐2, COVID19, calcium, calcium isotopes, calcium radioisotopes, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia were performed. Heterogeneity of studies was investigated using I2 index, data were analyzed using meta‐analysis (random effects model) with Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software software. Results Finally, 25 articles were included in the study. Clinical data from 12 articles showed that 59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.68) of people with COVID‐19 have hypocalcemia. The results of meta‐analysis showed that hypocalcemia was significantly associated with severity of the disease (p = .002), mortality in patients with COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.99, 95% CI: 2.71–17.99), number of hospitalization days (p < .001) and admission to the intensive care unit (OR = 5.09, 95% CI: 2.14–12.10). The results also showed that there is a direct relationship between low serum calcium levels with increasing D‐dimer levels (p = .02) and decreasing lymphocyte counts (p = .007). Conclusion Based on the results of meta‐analysis in people with lower calcium, mortality and complications are higher, therefore, serum calcium is a prognostic factor in determining the severity of the disease. Consequently, it is suggested that serum calcium levels should be considered in initial assessments.Effat AlemzadehEsmat AlemzadehMasood ZiaeeAli AbediHamid SalehiniyaWileyarticlecalciumCOVID‐19hypocalcemiaSARS‐CoV‐2systematic reviewImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENImmunity, Inflammation and Disease, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 1219-1228 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	calcium COVID‐19 hypocalcemia SARS‐CoV‐2 systematic review Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	calcium COVID‐19 hypocalcemia SARS‐CoV‐2 systematic review Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Effat Alemzadeh Esmat Alemzadeh Masood Ziaee Ali Abedi Hamid Salehiniya The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
description	Abstract Introduction Imbalances of various electrolytes, including calcium, are associated with the prognosis of Covid disease. This study investigated the relationship between serum calcium and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Method This study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis by searching PubMed, Scopus, web of sciences until August 2021 using the keywords COVID‐19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), COVID, coronavirus disease, SARS‐COV‐infection. 2, SARS‐COV‐2, COVID19, calcium, calcium isotopes, calcium radioisotopes, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia were performed. Heterogeneity of studies was investigated using I2 index, data were analyzed using meta‐analysis (random effects model) with Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software software. Results Finally, 25 articles were included in the study. Clinical data from 12 articles showed that 59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.68) of people with COVID‐19 have hypocalcemia. The results of meta‐analysis showed that hypocalcemia was significantly associated with severity of the disease (p = .002), mortality in patients with COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.99, 95% CI: 2.71–17.99), number of hospitalization days (p < .001) and admission to the intensive care unit (OR = 5.09, 95% CI: 2.14–12.10). The results also showed that there is a direct relationship between low serum calcium levels with increasing D‐dimer levels (p = .02) and decreasing lymphocyte counts (p = .007). Conclusion Based on the results of meta‐analysis in people with lower calcium, mortality and complications are higher, therefore, serum calcium is a prognostic factor in determining the severity of the disease. Consequently, it is suggested that serum calcium levels should be considered in initial assessments.
format	article
author	Effat Alemzadeh Esmat Alemzadeh Masood Ziaee Ali Abedi Hamid Salehiniya
author_facet	Effat Alemzadeh Esmat Alemzadeh Masood Ziaee Ali Abedi Hamid Salehiniya
author_sort	Effat Alemzadeh
title	The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_short	The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_full	The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_fullStr	The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_sort	effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of covid patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4d7107da13f749f9a5b029edb528280b
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The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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