Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide

Interseeding alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) into a silage corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) companion crop can increase the yield and profitability of forage production and reduce the risk of nutrient and soil loss from cropland, but unreliable establishment of alfalfa hampers t...

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Autores principales:	John H. Grabber, Damon L. Smith, William R. Osterholz, Mark J. Renz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lucerne maize intercropping growth retardant pesticide common leaf spot Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4dcea6b14c154763bbe1a2541526c580
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4dcea6b14c154763bbe1a2541526c5802021-11-25T16:12:09ZEstablishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide10.3390/agronomy111123432073-4395https://doaj.org/article/4dcea6b14c154763bbe1a2541526c5802021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2343https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Interseeding alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) into a silage corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) companion crop can increase the yield and profitability of forage production and reduce the risk of nutrient and soil loss from cropland, but unreliable establishment of alfalfa hampers the adoption of this practice on dairy farms. This study evaluated plant survival, foliar health, and dry matter yields of two alfalfa varieties when established in corn sown at populations ranging from about 47,500 to 100,000 plants per ha<sup>−1</sup> and when treated with prohexadione (PHD), PHD followed by fungicide and insecticide (PHD-FI), or not treated with agrichemicals. The plant density of alfalfa during establishment was adversely impacted by above average precipitation and high corn populations, but substantially improved by PHD-FI treatment, which limited alfalfa etiolation, disease, and defoliation. First-cut dry-matter yields of interseeded alfalfa after corn were maximized at a stand density of approximately 200 plants m<sup>−2</sup> or 850 stems m<sup>−2</sup> and total first year yield exceeded conventionally spring-seeded alfalfa by 59 to 75%. Overall, our results indicated that PHD-FI treatment promoted good establishment and subsequent forage production of interseeded alfalfa. Applications of PHD-FI must, however, be fine-tuned, and additional management practices must be developed to ensure both good yields of corn silage and reliable establishment of interseeded alfalfa, especially during wet growing conditions.John H. GrabberDamon L. SmithWilliam R. OsterholzMark J. RenzMDPI AGarticlelucernemaizeintercroppinggrowth retardantpesticidecommon leaf spotAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2343, p 2343 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lucerne maize intercropping growth retardant pesticide common leaf spot Agriculture S
spellingShingle	lucerne maize intercropping growth retardant pesticide common leaf spot Agriculture S John H. Grabber Damon L. Smith William R. Osterholz Mark J. Renz Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
description	Interseeding alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) into a silage corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) companion crop can increase the yield and profitability of forage production and reduce the risk of nutrient and soil loss from cropland, but unreliable establishment of alfalfa hampers the adoption of this practice on dairy farms. This study evaluated plant survival, foliar health, and dry matter yields of two alfalfa varieties when established in corn sown at populations ranging from about 47,500 to 100,000 plants per ha<sup>−1</sup> and when treated with prohexadione (PHD), PHD followed by fungicide and insecticide (PHD-FI), or not treated with agrichemicals. The plant density of alfalfa during establishment was adversely impacted by above average precipitation and high corn populations, but substantially improved by PHD-FI treatment, which limited alfalfa etiolation, disease, and defoliation. First-cut dry-matter yields of interseeded alfalfa after corn were maximized at a stand density of approximately 200 plants m<sup>−2</sup> or 850 stems m<sup>−2</sup> and total first year yield exceeded conventionally spring-seeded alfalfa by 59 to 75%. Overall, our results indicated that PHD-FI treatment promoted good establishment and subsequent forage production of interseeded alfalfa. Applications of PHD-FI must, however, be fine-tuned, and additional management practices must be developed to ensure both good yields of corn silage and reliable establishment of interseeded alfalfa, especially during wet growing conditions.
format	article
author	John H. Grabber Damon L. Smith William R. Osterholz Mark J. Renz
author_facet	John H. Grabber Damon L. Smith William R. Osterholz Mark J. Renz
author_sort	John H. Grabber
title	Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
title_short	Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
title_full	Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
title_fullStr	Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
title_full_unstemmed	Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide
title_sort	establishment and first year yield of interseeded alfalfa as influenced by corn plant density and treatment with prohexadione, fungicide and insecticide
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4dcea6b14c154763bbe1a2541526c580
work_keys_str_mv	AT johnhgrabber establishmentandfirstyearyieldofinterseededalfalfaasinfluencedbycornplantdensityandtreatmentwithprohexadionefungicideandinsecticide AT damonlsmith establishmentandfirstyearyieldofinterseededalfalfaasinfluencedbycornplantdensityandtreatmentwithprohexadionefungicideandinsecticide AT williamrosterholz establishmentandfirstyearyieldofinterseededalfalfaasinfluencedbycornplantdensityandtreatmentwithprohexadionefungicideandinsecticide AT markjrenz establishmentandfirstyearyieldofinterseededalfalfaasinfluencedbycornplantdensityandtreatmentwithprohexadionefungicideandinsecticide
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Establishment and First Year Yield of Interseeded Alfalfa as Influenced by Corn Plant Density and Treatment with Prohexadione, Fungicide and Insecticide

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