A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices

4(5)-Methylimidazole (4(5)MEI) is a product of the Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, which occurs during the thermal processing of foods. This compound is also found in foods with caramel colorants additives. Due to its prevalence in foods and beverages and its potent carcinogenicity...

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Autores principales:	Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou, Marinos Xagoraris, Eleftherios Alissandrakis, Christos S. Pappas, Petros A. Tarantilis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	chromatography GC-MS HPLC mass spectrometry caramel color spectroscopy Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4dd99d1a27084b5b9fca76ec3aa56b8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4dd99d1a27084b5b9fca76ec3aa56b8d2021-11-25T17:13:42ZA Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices10.3390/chemosensors91103222227-9040https://doaj.org/article/4dd99d1a27084b5b9fca76ec3aa56b8d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/322https://doaj.org/toc/2227-90404(5)-Methylimidazole (4(5)MEI) is a product of the Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, which occurs during the thermal processing of foods. This compound is also found in foods with caramel colorants additives. Due to its prevalence in foods and beverages and its potent carcinogenicity, 4(5)MEI has received federal and state regulatory agency attention. The aim of this review is to present the extraction procedures of 4(5)MEI from food matrices and the analytical methods for its determination. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are the techniques most commonly employed to detect 4(5)MEI in food matrices. However, the analysis of 4(5)MEI is challenging due to the high polarity, water solubility, and the absence of chromophores. To overcome this, specialized sample pretreatment and extraction methods have been developed, such as solid-phase extraction and derivatization procedures, increasing the cost and the preparation time of samples. Other analytical methods for the determination of 4(5)MEI, include capillary electrophoresis, paper spray mass spectrometry, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance cation exchange chromatography, fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay, and a fluorescent probe.Panagiota-Kyriaki RevelouMarinos XagorarisEleftherios AlissandrakisChristos S. PappasPetros A. TarantilisMDPI AGarticlechromatographyGC-MSHPLCmass spectrometrycaramel colorspectroscopyBiochemistryQD415-436ENChemosensors, Vol 9, Iss 322, p 322 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chromatography GC-MS HPLC mass spectrometry caramel color spectroscopy Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	chromatography GC-MS HPLC mass spectrometry caramel color spectroscopy Biochemistry QD415-436 Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou Marinos Xagoraris Eleftherios Alissandrakis Christos S. Pappas Petros A. Tarantilis A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
description	4(5)-Methylimidazole (4(5)MEI) is a product of the Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, which occurs during the thermal processing of foods. This compound is also found in foods with caramel colorants additives. Due to its prevalence in foods and beverages and its potent carcinogenicity, 4(5)MEI has received federal and state regulatory agency attention. The aim of this review is to present the extraction procedures of 4(5)MEI from food matrices and the analytical methods for its determination. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are the techniques most commonly employed to detect 4(5)MEI in food matrices. However, the analysis of 4(5)MEI is challenging due to the high polarity, water solubility, and the absence of chromophores. To overcome this, specialized sample pretreatment and extraction methods have been developed, such as solid-phase extraction and derivatization procedures, increasing the cost and the preparation time of samples. Other analytical methods for the determination of 4(5)MEI, include capillary electrophoresis, paper spray mass spectrometry, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance cation exchange chromatography, fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay, and a fluorescent probe.
format	article
author	Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou Marinos Xagoraris Eleftherios Alissandrakis Christos S. Pappas Petros A. Tarantilis
author_facet	Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou Marinos Xagoraris Eleftherios Alissandrakis Christos S. Pappas Petros A. Tarantilis
author_sort	Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou
title	A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
title_short	A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
title_full	A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
title_fullStr	A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
title_full_unstemmed	A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices
title_sort	review of the analytical methods for the determination of 4(5)-methylimidazole in food matrices
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4dd99d1a27084b5b9fca76ec3aa56b8d
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A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices

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