An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

Abstract Botryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications. To facilitate species discrimination and...

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Autores principales:	Marika Salonna, Fabio Gasparini, Dorothée Huchon, Federica Montesanto, Michal Haddas-Sasson, Merrick Ekins, Marissa McNamara, Francesco Mastrototaro, Carmela Gissi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4de07278399a4724bb69a3ec9ebec8c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4de07278399a4724bb69a3ec9ebec8c32021-12-02T10:54:23ZAn elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode10.1038/s41598-021-83127-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4de07278399a4724bb69a3ec9ebec8c32021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83127-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Botryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications. To facilitate species discrimination and detection of cryptic/new species, we developed new barcoding primers for the amplification of a COI fragment of about 860 bp (860-COI), which is an extension of the common Folmer's barcode region. Our 860-COI was successfully amplified in 177 worldwide-sampled botryllid colonies. Combined with morphological analyses, 860-COI allowed not only discriminating known species, but also identifying undescribed and cryptic species, resurrecting old species currently in synonymy, and proposing the assignment of clade D of the model organism Botryllus schlosseri to Botryllus renierii. Importantly, within clade A of B. schlosseri, 860-COI recognized at least two candidate species against only one recognized by the Folmer's fragment, underlining the need of further genetic investigations on this clade. This result also suggests that the 860-COI could have a greater ability to diagnose cryptic/new species than the Folmer's fragment at very short evolutionary distances, such as those observed within clade A. Finally, our new primers simplify the amplification of 860-COI even in non-botryllid ascidians, suggesting their wider usefulness in ascidians.Marika SalonnaFabio GaspariniDorothée HuchonFederica MontesantoMichal Haddas-SassonMerrick EkinsMarissa McNamaraFrancesco MastrototaroCarmela GissiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marika Salonna Fabio Gasparini Dorothée Huchon Federica Montesanto Michal Haddas-Sasson Merrick Ekins Marissa McNamara Francesco Mastrototaro Carmela Gissi An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
description	Abstract Botryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications. To facilitate species discrimination and detection of cryptic/new species, we developed new barcoding primers for the amplification of a COI fragment of about 860 bp (860-COI), which is an extension of the common Folmer's barcode region. Our 860-COI was successfully amplified in 177 worldwide-sampled botryllid colonies. Combined with morphological analyses, 860-COI allowed not only discriminating known species, but also identifying undescribed and cryptic species, resurrecting old species currently in synonymy, and proposing the assignment of clade D of the model organism Botryllus schlosseri to Botryllus renierii. Importantly, within clade A of B. schlosseri, 860-COI recognized at least two candidate species against only one recognized by the Folmer's fragment, underlining the need of further genetic investigations on this clade. This result also suggests that the 860-COI could have a greater ability to diagnose cryptic/new species than the Folmer's fragment at very short evolutionary distances, such as those observed within clade A. Finally, our new primers simplify the amplification of 860-COI even in non-botryllid ascidians, suggesting their wider usefulness in ascidians.
format	article
author	Marika Salonna Fabio Gasparini Dorothée Huchon Federica Montesanto Michal Haddas-Sasson Merrick Ekins Marissa McNamara Francesco Mastrototaro Carmela Gissi
author_facet	Marika Salonna Fabio Gasparini Dorothée Huchon Federica Montesanto Michal Haddas-Sasson Merrick Ekins Marissa McNamara Francesco Mastrototaro Carmela Gissi
author_sort	Marika Salonna
title	An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
title_short	An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
title_full	An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
title_fullStr	An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
title_full_unstemmed	An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
title_sort	elongated coi fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian dna barcode
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4de07278399a4724bb69a3ec9ebec8c3
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An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode

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