Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.

Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections. Here we pro...

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Autores principales:	Kalpana Sharma, Erica M Goss, Ellen R Dickstein, Matthew E Smith, Judith A Johnson, Frederick S Southwick, Ariena H C van Bruggen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4de6fbfe2c044c249990864c72c8be34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4de6fbfe2c044c249990864c72c8be342021-11-25T05:57:54ZExserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0108691https://doaj.org/article/4de6fbfe2c044c249990864c72c8be342014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108691https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections. Here we provide an example of human-mediated cross-kingdom jumping of Exserohilum rostratum isolated from a patient who had received a corticosteroid injection and died of fungal meningitis in a Florida hospital in 2012. The clinical isolate of E. rostratum was compared with two plant pathogenic isolates of E. rostratum and an isolate of the closely related genus Bipolaris in terms of morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity on one C3 grass, Gulf annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum), and two C4 grasses, Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). Colony growth and color, as well as conidia shape and size were the same for the clinical and plant isolates of E. rostratum, while these characteristics differed slightly for the Bipolaris sp. isolate. The plant pathogenic and clinical isolates of E. rostratum were indistinguishable based on morphology and ITS and 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The clinical isolate was as pathogenic to all grass species tested as the plant pathogenic strains that were originally isolated from plant hosts. The clinical isolate induced more severe symptoms on stilt grass than on rye grass, while this was the reverse for the plant isolates of E. rostratum. The phylogenetic similarity between the clinical and plant-associated E. rostratum isolates and the ability of the clinical isolate to infect plants suggests that a plant pathogenic strain of E. rostratum contaminated the corticosteroid injection fluid and was able to cause systemic disease in the affected patient. This is the first proof that a clinical isolate of E. rostratum is also an effective plant pathogen.Kalpana SharmaErica M GossEllen R DicksteinMatthew E SmithJudith A JohnsonFrederick S SouthwickAriena H C van BruggenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e108691 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kalpana Sharma Erica M Goss Ellen R Dickstein Matthew E Smith Judith A Johnson Frederick S Southwick Ariena H C van Bruggen Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
description	Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections. Here we provide an example of human-mediated cross-kingdom jumping of Exserohilum rostratum isolated from a patient who had received a corticosteroid injection and died of fungal meningitis in a Florida hospital in 2012. The clinical isolate of E. rostratum was compared with two plant pathogenic isolates of E. rostratum and an isolate of the closely related genus Bipolaris in terms of morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity on one C3 grass, Gulf annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum), and two C4 grasses, Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). Colony growth and color, as well as conidia shape and size were the same for the clinical and plant isolates of E. rostratum, while these characteristics differed slightly for the Bipolaris sp. isolate. The plant pathogenic and clinical isolates of E. rostratum were indistinguishable based on morphology and ITS and 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The clinical isolate was as pathogenic to all grass species tested as the plant pathogenic strains that were originally isolated from plant hosts. The clinical isolate induced more severe symptoms on stilt grass than on rye grass, while this was the reverse for the plant isolates of E. rostratum. The phylogenetic similarity between the clinical and plant-associated E. rostratum isolates and the ability of the clinical isolate to infect plants suggests that a plant pathogenic strain of E. rostratum contaminated the corticosteroid injection fluid and was able to cause systemic disease in the affected patient. This is the first proof that a clinical isolate of E. rostratum is also an effective plant pathogen.
format	article
author	Kalpana Sharma Erica M Goss Ellen R Dickstein Matthew E Smith Judith A Johnson Frederick S Southwick Ariena H C van Bruggen
author_facet	Kalpana Sharma Erica M Goss Ellen R Dickstein Matthew E Smith Judith A Johnson Frederick S Southwick Ariena H C van Bruggen
author_sort	Kalpana Sharma
title	Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
title_short	Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
title_full	Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
title_fullStr	Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
title_full_unstemmed	Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
title_sort	exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/4de6fbfe2c044c249990864c72c8be34
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Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.

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