Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants

Varvara Karagkiozaki,1 Eleftherios Vavoulidis,1 Panagiotis G Karagiannidis,1 Maria Gioti,1 Dimitrios G Fatouros,2 Ioannis S Vizirianakis,3 Stergios Logothetidis11Lab for Thin Films&ndash;Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Physics Department, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3Laboratory...

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Autores principales:	Karagkiozaki V, Vavoulidis E, Karagiannidis PG, Gioti M, Fatouros DG, Vizirianakis IS, Logothetidis S
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4dec31f8a2144f1689e7ed5f3195a860
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4dec31f8a2144f1689e7ed5f3195a8602021-12-02T05:55:49ZDevelopment of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/4dec31f8a2144f1689e7ed5f3195a8602012-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/development-of-a-nanoporous-and-multilayer-drug-delivery-platform-for--a11206https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Varvara Karagkiozaki,1 Eleftherios Vavoulidis,1 Panagiotis G Karagiannidis,1 Maria Gioti,1 Dimitrios G Fatouros,2 Ioannis S Vizirianakis,3 Stergios Logothetidis11Lab for Thin Films&ndash;Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Physics Department, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAbstract: Biodegradable polymers can be applied to a variety of implants for controlled and local drug delivery. The aim of this study is to develop a biodegradable and nanoporous polymeric platform for a wide spectrum of drug-eluting implants with special focus on stent-coating applications. It was synthesized by poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA 65:35, PLGA 75:25) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in a multilayer configuration by means of a spin-coating technique. The antiplatelet drug dipyridamole was loaded into the surface nanopores of the platform. Surface characterization was made by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Platelet adhesion and drug-release kinetic studies were then carried out. The study revealed that the multilayer films are highly nanoporous, whereas the single layers of PLGA are atomically smooth and spherulites are formed in PCL. Their nanoporosity (pore diameter, depth, density, surface roughness) can be tailored by tuning the growth parameters (eg, spinning speed, polymer concentration), essential for drug-delivery performance. The origin of pore formation may be attributed to the phase separation of polymer blends via the spinodal decomposition mechanism. SE studies revealed the structural characteristics, film thickness, and optical properties even of the single layers in the triple-layer construct, providing substantial information for drug loading and complement AFM findings. Platelet adhesion studies showed that the dipyridamole-loaded coatings inhibit platelet aggregation that is a prerequisite for clotting. Finally, the films exhibited sustained release profiles of dipyridamole over 70 days. These results indicate that the current multilayer phase therapeutic approach constitutes an effective drug-delivery platform for drug-eluting implants and especially for cardiovascular stent applications.Keywords: drug delivery, implants, stents, polymers, spin-coating, atomic force microscopyKaragkiozaki VVavoulidis EKaragiannidis PGGioti MFatouros DGVizirianakis ISLogothetidis SDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 5327-5338 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Karagkiozaki V Vavoulidis E Karagiannidis PG Gioti M Fatouros DG Vizirianakis IS Logothetidis S Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
description	Varvara Karagkiozaki,1 Eleftherios Vavoulidis,1 Panagiotis G Karagiannidis,1 Maria Gioti,1 Dimitrios G Fatouros,2 Ioannis S Vizirianakis,3 Stergios Logothetidis11Lab for Thin Films&ndash;Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Physics Department, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAbstract: Biodegradable polymers can be applied to a variety of implants for controlled and local drug delivery. The aim of this study is to develop a biodegradable and nanoporous polymeric platform for a wide spectrum of drug-eluting implants with special focus on stent-coating applications. It was synthesized by poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA 65:35, PLGA 75:25) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in a multilayer configuration by means of a spin-coating technique. The antiplatelet drug dipyridamole was loaded into the surface nanopores of the platform. Surface characterization was made by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Platelet adhesion and drug-release kinetic studies were then carried out. The study revealed that the multilayer films are highly nanoporous, whereas the single layers of PLGA are atomically smooth and spherulites are formed in PCL. Their nanoporosity (pore diameter, depth, density, surface roughness) can be tailored by tuning the growth parameters (eg, spinning speed, polymer concentration), essential for drug-delivery performance. The origin of pore formation may be attributed to the phase separation of polymer blends via the spinodal decomposition mechanism. SE studies revealed the structural characteristics, film thickness, and optical properties even of the single layers in the triple-layer construct, providing substantial information for drug loading and complement AFM findings. Platelet adhesion studies showed that the dipyridamole-loaded coatings inhibit platelet aggregation that is a prerequisite for clotting. Finally, the films exhibited sustained release profiles of dipyridamole over 70 days. These results indicate that the current multilayer phase therapeutic approach constitutes an effective drug-delivery platform for drug-eluting implants and especially for cardiovascular stent applications.Keywords: drug delivery, implants, stents, polymers, spin-coating, atomic force microscopy
format	article
author	Karagkiozaki V Vavoulidis E Karagiannidis PG Gioti M Fatouros DG Vizirianakis IS Logothetidis S
author_facet	Karagkiozaki V Vavoulidis E Karagiannidis PG Gioti M Fatouros DG Vizirianakis IS Logothetidis S
author_sort	Karagkiozaki V
title	Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
title_short	Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
title_full	Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
title_fullStr	Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
title_sort	development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/4dec31f8a2144f1689e7ed5f3195a860
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Development of a nanoporous and multilayer drug-delivery platform for medical implants

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