Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople

Abstract The literature offers different perspectives for and against two-phase treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Facial attractiveness is an important aspect to take into account, given that children with skeletal Class II are often bullied by their peers and have low self-esteem and a l...

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Autores principales:	Federica Santori, Francesco Masedu, Domenico Ciavarella, Edoardo Staderini, Claudio Chimenti, Michele Tepedino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e00543ea7b0445391861f74d8c8cbc6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e00543ea7b0445391861f74d8c8cbc62021-12-02T16:24:50ZEffect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople10.1038/s41598-021-93343-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4e00543ea7b0445391861f74d8c8cbc62021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93343-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The literature offers different perspectives for and against two-phase treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Facial attractiveness is an important aspect to take into account, given that children with skeletal Class II are often bullied by their peers and have low self-esteem and a lower social perception. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the aesthetic perception of facial profiles by a large number of observers, before and after treatment with a functional appliance, compared to untreated controls. The pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 20 Class II subjects treated with Sander’s bite-jumping appliance and 20 untreated historical controls were collected and transformed into black and white silhouettes depicting only the lower third of the face. An online questionnaire comprising the silhouettes of the two groups, three “calibration” profiles and an “ideal” profile was submitted to dentists, orthodontists, undergraduates and laypeople, asking them to rate the profile’s attractiveness using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The effect of treatment, and observers’ age, expertise and gender were analysed. The calibration images and the ideal profiles were used to evaluate the coherence of each observer’s judgement. The protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Nine-hundred and ten questionnaires were collected. Treated subjects showed a larger improvement of facial attractiveness compared to controls. A significant effect of gender on the observer’s ratings was observed. Some observers showed incoherent judgement, which had a significant effect on the regression model. In conclusion, early treatment with functional appliances seems to improve patients’ facial aesthetics. This improvement is perceived equally by dental professionals and laypeople.Federica SantoriFrancesco MaseduDomenico CiavarellaEdoardo StaderiniClaudio ChimentiMichele TepedinoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Federica Santori Francesco Masedu Domenico Ciavarella Edoardo Staderini Claudio Chimenti Michele Tepedino Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
description	Abstract The literature offers different perspectives for and against two-phase treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Facial attractiveness is an important aspect to take into account, given that children with skeletal Class II are often bullied by their peers and have low self-esteem and a lower social perception. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the aesthetic perception of facial profiles by a large number of observers, before and after treatment with a functional appliance, compared to untreated controls. The pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 20 Class II subjects treated with Sander’s bite-jumping appliance and 20 untreated historical controls were collected and transformed into black and white silhouettes depicting only the lower third of the face. An online questionnaire comprising the silhouettes of the two groups, three “calibration” profiles and an “ideal” profile was submitted to dentists, orthodontists, undergraduates and laypeople, asking them to rate the profile’s attractiveness using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The effect of treatment, and observers’ age, expertise and gender were analysed. The calibration images and the ideal profiles were used to evaluate the coherence of each observer’s judgement. The protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Nine-hundred and ten questionnaires were collected. Treated subjects showed a larger improvement of facial attractiveness compared to controls. A significant effect of gender on the observer’s ratings was observed. Some observers showed incoherent judgement, which had a significant effect on the regression model. In conclusion, early treatment with functional appliances seems to improve patients’ facial aesthetics. This improvement is perceived equally by dental professionals and laypeople.
format	article
author	Federica Santori Francesco Masedu Domenico Ciavarella Edoardo Staderini Claudio Chimenti Michele Tepedino
author_facet	Federica Santori Francesco Masedu Domenico Ciavarella Edoardo Staderini Claudio Chimenti Michele Tepedino
author_sort	Federica Santori
title	Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
title_short	Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
title_full	Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
title_fullStr	Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
title_sort	effect of class ii functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e00543ea7b0445391861f74d8c8cbc6
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Effect of Class II functional treatment on facial attractiveness, as perceived by professionals and laypeople

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