The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations

Yekta Dowlati,1,2 Maxim Maheux,3 Jeffrey H Meyer1,2 1CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 3TransBioTech, L...

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Autores principales:	Dowlati Y, Maheux M, Meyer JH
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	cysteine breast milk postpartum depression antioxidant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e0e9299fd5d4371a71416a37e7ff69c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e0e9299fd5d4371a71416a37e7ff69c2021-12-02T15:09:49ZThe Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/4e0e9299fd5d4371a71416a37e7ff69c2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-effect-of-oral-l-cysteine-on-breast-milk-and-plasma-cysteine-conce-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Yekta Dowlati,1,2 Maxim Maheux,3 Jeffrey H Meyer1,2 1CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 3TransBioTech, Levis, QC G6v 6Z3, CanadaCorrespondence: Jeffrey H MeyerCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, CanadaTel +1 416-535-8501 x34007Fax +1 416-260-4188Email Jeff.meyer@camhpet.caPurpose: Greater oxidative signaling is implicated in major depressive disorder; hence, there is considerable interest in developing oral supplements with anti-oxidant properties to prevent or treat mood disorders, such as postpartum depression. L-cysteine is a precursor for glutathione, an important antioxidant in the brain. So, developing L-cysteine as a dietary supplement may be useful, provided oral supplementation substantially raises its concentration in blood plasma yet does not affect its total concentration in breast milk. This study assessed the effect of oral L-cysteine on its concentration in breast milk and blood plasma of breastfeeding mothers.Participants and Methods: Twenty-four health breastfeeding women were randomly assigned to 0, 1.5, or 3 g of oral L-cysteine. Free and total cysteine in breast milk; and free cysteine in plasma were measured. While breast milk is the gold standard, measurement of infant formulas provides indices of nutritional intake considered safe. Therefore, free cysteine was also measured in six different formulas.Results: Total cysteine in breast milk was not affected by oral L-cysteine (Repeated Measures of ANOVA (rANOVA), intervention effect: p=0.75). Free cysteine levels in breast milk did rise (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.017), but were within the range of common infant formulas. There was no significant effect of L-cysteine supplementation on free cysteine levels in plasma (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.25), although a post hoc analysis found a trend towards greater plasma cysteine 30 minutes after oral supplementation (t(14)=− 1.69, p=0.11, 3g versus no-dose).Conclusion: The negligible effect of oral cysteine administration on its total concentration in breast milk was favorable, but the minimal effect on its blood plasma concentration more strongly argues against further development of oral L-cysteine in postpartum, as well as other conditions.Keywords: cysteine, breast milk, postpartum depression, antioxidantDowlati YMaheux MMeyer JHDove Medical Pressarticlecysteinebreast milkpostpartum depressionantioxidantNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 16, Pp 3163-3172 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cysteine breast milk postpartum depression antioxidant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	cysteine breast milk postpartum depression antioxidant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Dowlati Y Maheux M Meyer JH The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
description	Yekta Dowlati,1,2 Maxim Maheux,3 Jeffrey H Meyer1,2 1CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; 3TransBioTech, Levis, QC G6v 6Z3, CanadaCorrespondence: Jeffrey H MeyerCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, CanadaTel +1 416-535-8501 x34007Fax +1 416-260-4188Email Jeff.meyer@camhpet.caPurpose: Greater oxidative signaling is implicated in major depressive disorder; hence, there is considerable interest in developing oral supplements with anti-oxidant properties to prevent or treat mood disorders, such as postpartum depression. L-cysteine is a precursor for glutathione, an important antioxidant in the brain. So, developing L-cysteine as a dietary supplement may be useful, provided oral supplementation substantially raises its concentration in blood plasma yet does not affect its total concentration in breast milk. This study assessed the effect of oral L-cysteine on its concentration in breast milk and blood plasma of breastfeeding mothers.Participants and Methods: Twenty-four health breastfeeding women were randomly assigned to 0, 1.5, or 3 g of oral L-cysteine. Free and total cysteine in breast milk; and free cysteine in plasma were measured. While breast milk is the gold standard, measurement of infant formulas provides indices of nutritional intake considered safe. Therefore, free cysteine was also measured in six different formulas.Results: Total cysteine in breast milk was not affected by oral L-cysteine (Repeated Measures of ANOVA (rANOVA), intervention effect: p=0.75). Free cysteine levels in breast milk did rise (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.017), but were within the range of common infant formulas. There was no significant effect of L-cysteine supplementation on free cysteine levels in plasma (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.25), although a post hoc analysis found a trend towards greater plasma cysteine 30 minutes after oral supplementation (t(14)=− 1.69, p=0.11, 3g versus no-dose).Conclusion: The negligible effect of oral cysteine administration on its total concentration in breast milk was favorable, but the minimal effect on its blood plasma concentration more strongly argues against further development of oral L-cysteine in postpartum, as well as other conditions.Keywords: cysteine, breast milk, postpartum depression, antioxidant
format	article
author	Dowlati Y Maheux M Meyer JH
author_facet	Dowlati Y Maheux M Meyer JH
author_sort	Dowlati Y
title	The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
title_short	The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
title_full	The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
title_fullStr	The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations
title_sort	effect of oral l-cysteine on breast milk and plasma cysteine concentrations
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e0e9299fd5d4371a71416a37e7ff69c
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The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations

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