Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design

Abstract The conservation of iron objects exposed to marine aerosol is threatened by the formation of akaganeite, a highly unstable Cl-bearing corrosion phase. As akaganeite formation is responsible of the exfoliation of the rust layer, chlorides trigger a cyclic alteration phenomenon that often end...

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Autores principales:	Marco Veneranda, Nagore Prieto-Taboada, Jose Antonio Carrero, Ilaria Costantini, Aitor Larrañaga, Kepa Castro, Gorka Arana, Juan Manuel Madariaga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e17e32d7f1d47d1b8a81a3b88bee1fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e17e32d7f1d47d1b8a81a3b88bee1fb2021-12-02T16:53:00ZDevelopment of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design10.1038/s41598-021-90006-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4e17e32d7f1d47d1b8a81a3b88bee1fb2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90006-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The conservation of iron objects exposed to marine aerosol is threatened by the formation of akaganeite, a highly unstable Cl-bearing corrosion phase. As akaganeite formation is responsible of the exfoliation of the rust layer, chlorides trigger a cyclic alteration phenomenon that often ends with the total consumption of the iron core. To prevent this degradation process, movable iron elements (e.g. archaeometallurgical artefacts) are generally immersed in alkaline dechlorination baths. Aiming to transfer this successful method to the treatment of immovable iron objects, we propose the in-situ application of alkaline solutions through the use of highly absorbent wraps. As first step of this novel research line, the present work defines the best desalination solution to be used and optimizes its extraction yield. After literature review, a screening experimental design was performed to understand the single and synergic effects of common additives used for NaOH baths. Once the most effective variables were selected, an optimization design was carried out to determine the optimal conditions to be set during treatment. According to the experimental work here presented, the use of 0.7 M NaOH solutions applied at high temperatures (above 50 °C) is recommended. Indeed, these conditions enhance chloride extraction and iron leaching inhibition, while promoting corrosion stabilization.Marco VenerandaNagore Prieto-TaboadaJose Antonio CarreroIlaria CostantiniAitor LarrañagaKepa CastroGorka AranaJuan Manuel MadariagaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marco Veneranda Nagore Prieto-Taboada Jose Antonio Carrero Ilaria Costantini Aitor Larrañaga Kepa Castro Gorka Arana Juan Manuel Madariaga Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
description	Abstract The conservation of iron objects exposed to marine aerosol is threatened by the formation of akaganeite, a highly unstable Cl-bearing corrosion phase. As akaganeite formation is responsible of the exfoliation of the rust layer, chlorides trigger a cyclic alteration phenomenon that often ends with the total consumption of the iron core. To prevent this degradation process, movable iron elements (e.g. archaeometallurgical artefacts) are generally immersed in alkaline dechlorination baths. Aiming to transfer this successful method to the treatment of immovable iron objects, we propose the in-situ application of alkaline solutions through the use of highly absorbent wraps. As first step of this novel research line, the present work defines the best desalination solution to be used and optimizes its extraction yield. After literature review, a screening experimental design was performed to understand the single and synergic effects of common additives used for NaOH baths. Once the most effective variables were selected, an optimization design was carried out to determine the optimal conditions to be set during treatment. According to the experimental work here presented, the use of 0.7 M NaOH solutions applied at high temperatures (above 50 °C) is recommended. Indeed, these conditions enhance chloride extraction and iron leaching inhibition, while promoting corrosion stabilization.
format	article
author	Marco Veneranda Nagore Prieto-Taboada Jose Antonio Carrero Ilaria Costantini Aitor Larrañaga Kepa Castro Gorka Arana Juan Manuel Madariaga
author_facet	Marco Veneranda Nagore Prieto-Taboada Jose Antonio Carrero Ilaria Costantini Aitor Larrañaga Kepa Castro Gorka Arana Juan Manuel Madariaga
author_sort	Marco Veneranda
title	Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
title_short	Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
title_full	Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
title_fullStr	Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design
title_sort	development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of cl− extraction yield through experimental design
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e17e32d7f1d47d1b8a81a3b88bee1fb
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Development of a novel method for the in-situ dechlorination of immovable iron elements: optimization of Cl− extraction yield through experimental design

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