Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

Background. A growing body of research has highlighted the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Previous studies showed that women have higher levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and worse psychological adjustment than men, which also persisted after the earlier ph...

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Autores principales:	Maria Di Blasi, Gaia Albano, Giulia Bassi, Elisa Mancinelli, Cecilia Giordano, Claudia Mazzeschi, Chiara Pazzagli, Silvia Salcuni, Gianluca Lo Coco, Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo, Gloria Lagetto, Maria Francesca Freda, Giovanna Esposito, Barbara Caci, Aluette Merenda, Laura Salerno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	women COVID-19 distress principal component analysis emotion regulation social stability status Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e3e292b484c464cbe836cadddb0f9bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e3e292b484c464cbe836cadddb0f9bc2021-11-11T16:45:21ZFactors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study10.3390/ijerph1821116561660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/4e3e292b484c464cbe836cadddb0f9bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11656https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Background. A growing body of research has highlighted the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Previous studies showed that women have higher levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and worse psychological adjustment than men, which also persisted after the earlier phase of the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate changes in women’s psychological distress during the pandemic and to evaluate the factors that have a more significant impact in predicting women’s psychological distress. Methods. This two-wave longitudinal study (T1 = Italian first lockdown, and T2 = second phase, when the restrictive measures were eased) involved 893 women (M<sub>age</sub> = 36.45, SD = 14.48). Participants provided demographic and health data as well as measures of psychological distress, emotion regulation processes, and ability to tolerate uncertainty. Results. No significant changes were found in women’s psychological distress between T1 and T2, i.e., during and after the first lockdown. Lower social stability status and higher maladaptive emotional coping predicted high psychological distress. Conclusions. Results showed that modifiable psychological variables play a central role in predicting distress and indicated that emotion regulation interventions might be helpful in increasing psychological resilience and mitigating the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic within the female population.Maria Di BlasiGaia AlbanoGiulia BassiElisa MancinelliCecilia GiordanoClaudia MazzeschiChiara PazzagliSilvia SalcuniGianluca Lo CocoOmar Carlo Gioacchino GeloGloria LagettoMaria Francesca FredaGiovanna EspositoBarbara CaciAluette MerendaLaura SalernoMDPI AGarticlewomenCOVID-19distressprincipal component analysisemotion regulationsocial stability statusMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11656, p 11656 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	women COVID-19 distress principal component analysis emotion regulation social stability status Medicine R
spellingShingle	women COVID-19 distress principal component analysis emotion regulation social stability status Medicine R Maria Di Blasi Gaia Albano Giulia Bassi Elisa Mancinelli Cecilia Giordano Claudia Mazzeschi Chiara Pazzagli Silvia Salcuni Gianluca Lo Coco Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo Gloria Lagetto Maria Francesca Freda Giovanna Esposito Barbara Caci Aluette Merenda Laura Salerno Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
description	Background. A growing body of research has highlighted the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Previous studies showed that women have higher levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and worse psychological adjustment than men, which also persisted after the earlier phase of the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate changes in women’s psychological distress during the pandemic and to evaluate the factors that have a more significant impact in predicting women’s psychological distress. Methods. This two-wave longitudinal study (T1 = Italian first lockdown, and T2 = second phase, when the restrictive measures were eased) involved 893 women (M<sub>age</sub> = 36.45, SD = 14.48). Participants provided demographic and health data as well as measures of psychological distress, emotion regulation processes, and ability to tolerate uncertainty. Results. No significant changes were found in women’s psychological distress between T1 and T2, i.e., during and after the first lockdown. Lower social stability status and higher maladaptive emotional coping predicted high psychological distress. Conclusions. Results showed that modifiable psychological variables play a central role in predicting distress and indicated that emotion regulation interventions might be helpful in increasing psychological resilience and mitigating the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic within the female population.
format	article
author	Maria Di Blasi Gaia Albano Giulia Bassi Elisa Mancinelli Cecilia Giordano Claudia Mazzeschi Chiara Pazzagli Silvia Salcuni Gianluca Lo Coco Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo Gloria Lagetto Maria Francesca Freda Giovanna Esposito Barbara Caci Aluette Merenda Laura Salerno
author_facet	Maria Di Blasi Gaia Albano Giulia Bassi Elisa Mancinelli Cecilia Giordano Claudia Mazzeschi Chiara Pazzagli Silvia Salcuni Gianluca Lo Coco Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo Gloria Lagetto Maria Francesca Freda Giovanna Esposito Barbara Caci Aluette Merenda Laura Salerno
author_sort	Maria Di Blasi
title	Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
title_short	Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
title_full	Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
title_fullStr	Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
title_full_unstemmed	Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
title_sort	factors related to women’s psychological distress during the covid-19 pandemic: evidence from a two-wave longitudinal study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e3e292b484c464cbe836cadddb0f9bc
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Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

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