Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.

Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in M...

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Autores principales:	Tuvshinzaya Zorigt, Satoshi Ito, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshikazu Furuta, Misheck Shawa, Natsagdorj Norov, Baasansuren Lkham, Jargalsaikhan Enkhtuya, Hideaki Higashi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e4c8a7520bd4be1af7e8790db61afef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e4c8a7520bd4be1af7e8790db61afef2021-12-02T20:12:35ZRisk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0260299https://doaj.org/article/4e4c8a7520bd4be1af7e8790db61afef2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260299https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in Mongolia. Here, we analyze retrospective data (1986-2015) on the disposal sites of livestock carcasses to describe historical spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, which showed the highest anthrax incidence rate in Mongolia. From the results of spatial mean and standard deviational ellipse analyses, we found that the anthrax spatial distribution in livestock did not change over the study period, indicating a localized source of exposure. The multi-distance spatial cluster analysis showed that carcass sites distributed in the study area are clustered. Using kernel density estimation analysis on carcass sites, we identified two anthrax hotspots in low-lying areas around the south and north regions. Notably, this study disclosed a new hotspot in the northern part that emerged in the last decade of the 30-year study period. The highest proportion of cases was recorded in cattle, whose prevalence per area was highest in six districts (i.e., Murun, Chandmani-Undur, Khatgal, Ikh-Uul, Tosontsengel, and Tsagaan-Uul), suggesting that vaccination should prioritize cattle in these districts. Furthermore, size of outbreaks was influenced by the annual summer mean air temperature of Khuvsgul Province, probably by affecting the permafrost freeze-thawing activity.Tuvshinzaya ZorigtSatoshi ItoNorikazu IsodaYoshikazu FurutaMisheck ShawaNatsagdorj NorovBaasansuren LkhamJargalsaikhan EnkhtuyaHideaki HigashiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0260299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tuvshinzaya Zorigt Satoshi Ito Norikazu Isoda Yoshikazu Furuta Misheck Shawa Natsagdorj Norov Baasansuren Lkham Jargalsaikhan Enkhtuya Hideaki Higashi Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
description	Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in Mongolia. Here, we analyze retrospective data (1986-2015) on the disposal sites of livestock carcasses to describe historical spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, which showed the highest anthrax incidence rate in Mongolia. From the results of spatial mean and standard deviational ellipse analyses, we found that the anthrax spatial distribution in livestock did not change over the study period, indicating a localized source of exposure. The multi-distance spatial cluster analysis showed that carcass sites distributed in the study area are clustered. Using kernel density estimation analysis on carcass sites, we identified two anthrax hotspots in low-lying areas around the south and north regions. Notably, this study disclosed a new hotspot in the northern part that emerged in the last decade of the 30-year study period. The highest proportion of cases was recorded in cattle, whose prevalence per area was highest in six districts (i.e., Murun, Chandmani-Undur, Khatgal, Ikh-Uul, Tosontsengel, and Tsagaan-Uul), suggesting that vaccination should prioritize cattle in these districts. Furthermore, size of outbreaks was influenced by the annual summer mean air temperature of Khuvsgul Province, probably by affecting the permafrost freeze-thawing activity.
format	article
author	Tuvshinzaya Zorigt Satoshi Ito Norikazu Isoda Yoshikazu Furuta Misheck Shawa Natsagdorj Norov Baasansuren Lkham Jargalsaikhan Enkhtuya Hideaki Higashi
author_facet	Tuvshinzaya Zorigt Satoshi Ito Norikazu Isoda Yoshikazu Furuta Misheck Shawa Natsagdorj Norov Baasansuren Lkham Jargalsaikhan Enkhtuya Hideaki Higashi
author_sort	Tuvshinzaya Zorigt
title	Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
title_short	Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
title_full	Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
title_fullStr	Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
title_full_unstemmed	Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.
title_sort	risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in khuvsgul province, mongolia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e4c8a7520bd4be1af7e8790db61afef
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Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia.

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