A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an important and unresolved medical problem. About a quarter of mankind is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and about 5–10% of these people eventually develop TB. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are considered the key cells providing defense against TB infecti...

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Autores principales:	I. A. Linge, A. S. Apt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2021
Materias:	tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis neutrophils lung inflammation immune response chemoattractants antimycobacterial agents Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e78ea255c2548df9ff7457e3021e865
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e78ea255c2548df9ff7457e3021e8652021-11-22T07:09:56ZA controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-ACR-1670https://doaj.org/article/4e78ea255c2548df9ff7457e3021e8652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1670https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an important and unresolved medical problem. About a quarter of mankind is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and about 5–10% of these people eventually develop TB. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are considered the key cells providing defense against TB infection. The role of neutrophils in TB is less well defined. Neutrophils are short-lived granulocytes among first migrate into the infectious lung tissue and phagocy tose mycobacteria. On the one hand, there is evidence for protective role of neutrophils in TB released via anti-microbial peptides inhibiting mycobacterial growth, up-regulation of CD4+ T-cell activation, and dendritic cell migration in the lymph nodes. On the other hand, infection of genetically TB susceptible animals leads to an overwhelming lung neutrophil inflammation, development of necrotic granulomata, and a rapid death. Neutrophils act directly or indirectly on mycobacteria by different oxidative or other reactions including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Phagocytosis of mycobacteria by neutrophils is accompanied by the production of pro-inflammatory factors, thus making neutrophils active participants of inflammation in all stages of the infectious process. Finally, neutrophils die by apoptosis or necrosis. Necrosis of neutrophils, which is activated by reactive oxygen species, also prolongs the inflammation. In this way, there is strong evidence that neutrophils are the cells involved in the transition of infection to the terminal stage, participating in lung tissue destruction. Although neutrophils evolutionary developed many ways to resist pathogens, it is likely, that neutrophils do not possess sufficient anti-mycobactericidal capacities due to the development of many adaptations allowing mycobacteria to survive inside the neutrophils. Neutrophils effectively phagocytose but poorly kill mycobacteria, thus hiding bacilli from more efficient killers, macrophages, and playing the role of the “Trojan Horse”. In this review, we summarize the data on the involvement of neutrophils in TB inflammation. We discuss their ambiguous role in pathogenesis which depends upon mycobacterial virulence, host genetics, dynamics of migration to inflammatory foci, and persistence during initial and chronic stages of the infectious process.I. A. LingeA. S. AptSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticletuberculosismycobacterium tuberculosisneutrophilslung inflammationimmune responsechemoattractantsantimycobacterial agentsInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 809-819 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis neutrophils lung inflammation immune response chemoattractants antimycobacterial agents Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis neutrophils lung inflammation immune response chemoattractants antimycobacterial agents Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 I. A. Linge A. S. Apt A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
description	Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an important and unresolved medical problem. About a quarter of mankind is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and about 5–10% of these people eventually develop TB. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are considered the key cells providing defense against TB infection. The role of neutrophils in TB is less well defined. Neutrophils are short-lived granulocytes among first migrate into the infectious lung tissue and phagocy tose mycobacteria. On the one hand, there is evidence for protective role of neutrophils in TB released via anti-microbial peptides inhibiting mycobacterial growth, up-regulation of CD4+ T-cell activation, and dendritic cell migration in the lymph nodes. On the other hand, infection of genetically TB susceptible animals leads to an overwhelming lung neutrophil inflammation, development of necrotic granulomata, and a rapid death. Neutrophils act directly or indirectly on mycobacteria by different oxidative or other reactions including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Phagocytosis of mycobacteria by neutrophils is accompanied by the production of pro-inflammatory factors, thus making neutrophils active participants of inflammation in all stages of the infectious process. Finally, neutrophils die by apoptosis or necrosis. Necrosis of neutrophils, which is activated by reactive oxygen species, also prolongs the inflammation. In this way, there is strong evidence that neutrophils are the cells involved in the transition of infection to the terminal stage, participating in lung tissue destruction. Although neutrophils evolutionary developed many ways to resist pathogens, it is likely, that neutrophils do not possess sufficient anti-mycobactericidal capacities due to the development of many adaptations allowing mycobacteria to survive inside the neutrophils. Neutrophils effectively phagocytose but poorly kill mycobacteria, thus hiding bacilli from more efficient killers, macrophages, and playing the role of the “Trojan Horse”. In this review, we summarize the data on the involvement of neutrophils in TB inflammation. We discuss their ambiguous role in pathogenesis which depends upon mycobacterial virulence, host genetics, dynamics of migration to inflammatory foci, and persistence during initial and chronic stages of the infectious process.
format	article
author	I. A. Linge A. S. Apt
author_facet	I. A. Linge A. S. Apt
author_sort	I. A. Linge
title	A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
title_short	A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
title_full	A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
title_fullStr	A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed	A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
title_sort	controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e78ea255c2548df9ff7457e3021e865
work_keys_str_mv	AT ialinge acontroversialroleofneutrophilsintuberculosisinfectionpathogenesis AT asapt acontroversialroleofneutrophilsintuberculosisinfectionpathogenesis AT ialinge controversialroleofneutrophilsintuberculosisinfectionpathogenesis AT asapt controversialroleofneutrophilsintuberculosisinfectionpathogenesis
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A controversial role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection pathogenesis

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